Clark B Ruth, Uhrich Mary L, Dill Tiffany C, White M Leanne, Milam Laurel, Ackermann Nicole, Arroyo Cassandra, Racette Susan B
Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4444 Forest Park Ave, Campus Box 8502, St. Louis, MO 63108-2212, United States.
Saint Louis Public Schools, 801 N. 11th Street, St. Louis, MO 63101, United States.
Prev Med Rep. 2018 Oct 17;12:330-335. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.011. eCollection 2018 Dec.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of aerobic fitness with the elementary school environment and student characteristics among 4th and 5th grade children attending urban public schools in St. Louis, MO, USA. This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012-2015 and included 2381 children (mean age 10.5 y) who completed the FITNESSGRAM® 20-m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run. Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) was defined according to FITNESSGRAM® aerobic capacity criteria. Other student-level variables included age, race, National School Lunch Program eligibility, BMI z-score, weight status, and daily pedometer steps. School environment variables included playground features and playground safety, physical education and recess practices, and school census tract data on vacant houses and median household income. Bivariate analyses with sex stratification were used to identify student-level and school-level predictors of failure to achieve the aerobic HFZ; predictors were then included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Failure to meet the aerobic HFZ was observed among 33% of boys and 57% of girls. School environment was not predictive, but higher age and fewer daily steps were: each additional year of age was associated with 41% higher odds of failing to meet the aerobic HFZ among boys and 100% higher odds among girls. Conversely, each additional 1000 daily steps was associated with 15% (boys) and 13% (girls) lower odds of failure. Obesity posed a 60% higher risk of failure to meet HFZ among girls. These results highlight the importance of childhood physical activity opportunities, especially for girls residing in low-resource areas.
本研究的目的是在美国密苏里州圣路易斯市的城市公立学校中，探讨四、五年级儿童的有氧适能与小学环境及学生特征之间的关系。这项横断面研究于2012年至2015年期间进行，纳入了2381名儿童（平均年龄10.5岁），他们完成了FITNESSGRAM® 20米渐进式有氧心血管耐力跑。健康适能区（HFZ）根据FITNESSGRAM® 有氧能力标准定义。其他学生层面的变量包括年龄、种族、国家学校午餐计划资格、BMI z评分、体重状况和每日计步器步数。学校环境变量包括操场特征和操场安全性、体育教育和课间休息情况，以及关于空置房屋和家庭收入中位数的学校普查区数据。采用按性别分层的双变量分析来确定未达到有氧HFZ的学生层面和学校层面的预测因素；然后将这些预测因素纳入多变量逻辑回归模型。在男孩中，33%未达到有氧HFZ，女孩中这一比例为57%。学校环境没有预测作用，但年龄较大和每日步数较少有预测作用：男孩年龄每增加一岁，未达到有氧HFZ的几率高41%，女孩则高100%。相反，每日步数每增加1000步，男孩和女孩未达标的几率分别降低15%和13%。肥胖使女孩未达到HFZ的风险高出60%。这些结果凸显了儿童体育活动机会的重要性，特别是对于居住在资源匮乏地区的女孩。
