Yu Shenliang, Melia Thomas J
Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2017 Aug;47:92-98. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.03.010. Epub 2017 Apr 29.
The two major objectives of macroautophagy are to sequester cargo away from the cytoplasm and deliver this material for breakdown in the lysosome. Sequestration is complete when the autophagosome membrane undergoes fission to produce separate inner and outer membranes, while delivery into the lysosome requires fusion of the outer autophagosome membrane with the lysosome membrane. Thus, the merging of membranes through fission and fusion underlies each of the pivotal events in macroautophagic clearance. How these merging events are controlled in the cell is poorly understood. Several recent studies however suggest that the two events may be temporally coordinated and rely upon members of the classic membrane fusion SNARE family as well as the autophagy-specific family of Atg8 proteins.
巨自噬的两个主要目标是将货物从细胞质中隔离出来，并将这些物质运送到溶酶体中进行分解。当自噬体膜发生裂变以产生单独的内膜和外膜时，隔离过程完成，而将其运送到溶酶体需要自噬体外膜与溶酶体膜融合。因此，通过裂变和融合实现的膜合并是巨自噬清除过程中每个关键事件的基础。目前对细胞中这些膜合并事件是如何控制的了解甚少。然而，最近的几项研究表明，这两个事件可能在时间上是协调的，并且依赖于经典膜融合SNARE家族的成员以及Atg8蛋白的自噬特异性家族。
