Hayward Elizabeth O, Homer Bruce D
New York University, New York, USA.
The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2017 Sep;35(3):454-462. doi: 10.1111/bjdp.12186. Epub 2017 May 2.
Although theory-of-mind (ToM) development is well documented for early childhood, there is increasing research investigating changes in ToM reasoning in middle childhood and adolescence. However, the psychometric properties of most advanced ToM measures for use with older children and adolescents have not been firmly established. We report on the reliability and validity of widely used, conventional measures of advanced ToM with this age group. Notable issues with both reliability and validity of several of the measures were evident in the findings. With regard to construct validity, results do not reveal a clear empirical commonality between tasks, and, after accounting for comprehension, developmental trends were evident in only one of the tasks investigated. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Second-order false belief tasks have acceptable internal consistency. The Eyes Test has poor internal consistency. Validity of advanced theory-of-mind tasks is often based on the ability to distinguish clinical from typical groups. What does this study add? This study examines internal consistency across six widely used advanced theory-of-mind tasks. It investigates validity of tasks based on comprehension of items by typically developing individuals. It further assesses construct validity, or commonality between tasks.
尽管心理理论（ToM）发展在幼儿期已有充分记录，但越来越多的研究开始探究童年中期和青少年期ToM推理的变化。然而，大多数用于大龄儿童和青少年的高级ToM测量方法的心理测量特性尚未得到确证。我们报告了针对该年龄组广泛使用的传统高级ToM测量方法的信度和效度。研究结果显示，其中几种测量方法在信度和效度方面都存在显著问题。在结构效度方面，结果并未揭示任务之间明确的实证共性，并且在考虑理解因素后，所调查的任务中只有一项呈现出明显的发展趋势。贡献声明关于该主题已知的信息有哪些？二阶错误信念任务具有可接受的内部一致性。眼神测试的内部一致性较差。高级心理理论任务的效度通常基于区分临床组和典型组的能力。本研究增加了什么内容？本研究考察了六种广泛使用的高级心理理论任务的内部一致性。它基于典型发展个体对项目的理解来探究任务的效度。它进一步评估了结构效度，即任务之间的共性。
