Naldi Marina, Baldassarre Maurizio, Domenicali Marco, Bartolini Manuela, Caraceni Paolo
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Center for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Italy.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017 Sep 10;144:138-153. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.023. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating plasma protein. Besides a significant contribution to the osmotic pressure, it is also involved in the fine regulation of many other physiological processes, including the balance of the redox state, the inflammatory and/or immunological responses, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. Growing evidence suggests that HSA undergoes structural and functional damage in diseases characterized by an enhanced systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as it occurs in chronic liver disease. Based on their clinical relevance, this review provides a summary of the most common post-translational modifications affecting HSA structural integrity and functions and their clinical relevance in the field of liver disease. The review also provides a critical description of the analytical approaches employed for the investigation of conformational alterations and the identification/quantitation of specific post-translational modifications affecting HSA. Finally, the analytical methods available for the assessment of two of the most clinically relevant non-oncotic properties of HSA, namely the binding capacity and the antioxidant activity, are critically reviewed. Among the available techniques particular attention is given to those proposed for the in vitro and in vivo investigation of structurally modified albumin.
人血清白蛋白（HSA）是循环血浆中含量最丰富的蛋白质。除了对渗透压有重要贡献外，它还参与许多其他生理过程的精细调节，包括氧化还原状态平衡、炎症和/或免疫反应以及许多药物的药代动力学和药效学。越来越多的证据表明，在以全身炎症反应增强和氧化应激为特征的疾病（如慢性肝病）中，HSA会发生结构和功能损伤。基于其临床相关性，本综述总结了影响HSA结构完整性和功能的最常见翻译后修饰及其在肝病领域的临床相关性。该综述还对用于研究构象改变以及鉴定/定量影响HSA的特定翻译后修饰的分析方法进行了批判性描述。最后，对可用于评估HSA两种最具临床相关性的非胶体渗透压特性（即结合能力和抗氧化活性）的分析方法进行了批判性综述。在现有技术中，特别关注那些用于体外和体内研究结构修饰白蛋白的技术。
