Mayr Christian, Ocker Matthias, Ritter Markus, Pichler Martin, Neureiter Daniel, Kiesslich Tobias
Christian Mayr, Tobias Kiesslich, Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Apr 14;23(14):2470-2482. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2470.
Management of biliary tract cancer remains challenging. Tumors show high recurrence rates and therapeutic resistance, leading to dismal prognosis and short survival. The cancer stem cell model states that a tumor is a heterogeneous conglomerate of cells, in which a certain subpopulation of cells - the cancer stem cells - possesses stem cell properties. Cancer stem cells have high clinical relevance due to their potential contributions to development, progression and aggressiveness as well as recurrence and metastasis of malignant tumors. Consequently, reliable identification of as well as pharmacological intervention with cancer stem cells is an intensively investigated and promising research field. The involvement of cancer stem cells in biliary tract cancer is likely as a number of studies demonstrated their existence and the obvious clinical relevance of several established cancer stem cell markers in biliary tract cancer models and tissues. In the present article, we review and discuss the currently available literature addressing the role of putative cancer stem cells in biliary tract cancer as well as the connection between known contributors of biliary tract tumorigenesis such as oncogenic signaling pathways, micro-RNAs and the tumor microenvironment with cancer stem cells.
胆管癌的治疗仍然具有挑战性。肿瘤表现出高复发率和治疗抗性，导致预后不良和生存期短。癌症干细胞模型表明，肿瘤是细胞的异质聚集体，其中特定的细胞亚群——癌症干细胞——具有干细胞特性。癌症干细胞因其对恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、侵袭性以及复发和转移的潜在作用而具有高度的临床相关性。因此，可靠地识别癌症干细胞并对其进行药物干预是一个深入研究且前景广阔的研究领域。由于多项研究证明了癌症干细胞在胆管癌模型和组织中的存在以及几种已确立的癌症干细胞标志物的明显临床相关性，癌症干细胞可能参与了胆管癌的发生。在本文中，我们回顾并讨论了目前关于假定的癌症干细胞在胆管癌中的作用以及胆管癌发生的已知因素（如致癌信号通路、微小RNA和肿瘤微环境）与癌症干细胞之间联系的现有文献。
