Ramdani Fatwa, Setiani Putri
Geoinformatics Research Center, Faculty of Computer Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.
Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Jun;189(6):249. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-5949-8. Epub 2017 May 2.
Availability of electricity can be used as an indicator to proximate parameters related to human well-being. Overall, the electrification process in Indonesia has been accelerating in the past two decades. Unfortunately, monitoring the country's progress on its effort to provide wider access to electricity poses challenges due to inconsistency of data provided by each national bureau, and limited availability of information. This study attempts to provide a reliable measure by employing nighttime satellite imagery to observe and to map the progress of electrification within a duration of 20 years, from 1993 to 2013. Brightness of 67,021 settlement-size points in 1993, 2003, and 2013 was assessed using data from DMSP/OLS instruments to study the electrification progress in the three service regions (Sumatera, Java-Bali, and East Indonesia) of the country's public electricity company, PLN. Observation of all service areas shows that the increase in brightness, which correspond with higher electricity development and consumption, has positive correlation with both population density (R = 0.70) and urban change (R = 0.79). Moreover, urban change has a stronger correlation with brightness, which is probably due to the high energy consumption in urban area per capita. This study also found that the brightness in Java-Bali region is very dominant, while the brightness in other areas has been lagging during the period of analysis. The slow development of electricity infrastructure, particularly in major parts of East Indonesia region, affects the low economic growth in some areas and formed vicious cycle.
电力供应情况可作为衡量与人类福祉相关的近似参数的指标。总体而言，印度尼西亚的电气化进程在过去二十年中一直在加速。不幸的是，由于各国家局提供的数据不一致以及信息有限，监测该国在扩大电力供应方面的进展面临挑战。本研究试图通过利用夜间卫星图像来观察和绘制1993年至2013年这20年期间的电气化进展情况，从而提供一种可靠的衡量方法。使用国防气象卫星计划/业务线扫描系统（DMSP/OLS）仪器的数据评估了1993年、2003年和2013年67,021个定居点规模点的亮度，以研究该国国有电力公司PLN的三个服务区（苏门答腊、爪哇-巴厘和东印度尼西亚）的电气化进展。对所有服务区的观察表明，与更高的电力发展和消费相对应的亮度增加与人口密度（R = 0.70）和城市变化（R = 0.79）均呈正相关。此外，城市变化与亮度的相关性更强，这可能是由于城市地区人均能源消耗较高。本研究还发现，爪哇-巴厘地区的亮度非常突出，而在分析期间其他地区的亮度一直滞后。电力基础设施发展缓慢，特别是在东印度尼西亚地区的主要部分，影响了一些地区的低经济增长，并形成了恶性循环。
