Wu S S, Ma C N, Peng X M, Zhang D T, Wang Q Y, Yang P
Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; Beijing Preventive Medicine Research Center, Beijing 100013, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Apr 10;38(4):514-517. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.020.
This study aimed to explore the incidence trends and onset features of scarlet fever during the years of epidemic, from 2006 to 2015, in Beijing. Spatial, temporal and population distributions, prognosis of the reported cases and surveillance data on scarlet fever and other streptococcal infections (including the patients of streptococcal infection, tonsillitis and isthmitis) were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological methods. A total of 27 987 scarlet fever cases were reported from 2006 to 2015, with the incidence rates as 7.04 to 18.53 per 100 000 persons during these years, except for 2011. A total of 6 152 cases were reported in 2011, with the incidence of 31.37 per 100 000 persons, significantly higher than the average levels of the other years. There were more cases reported in rural-urban continuum, in summer and winter, with most of the cases were children in primary schools and infant-institutes. From May to December in 2011, 4 332 cases were interviewed three weeks after the disease onset, and their conditions improved or recovered, with no death or complication appeared at the follow-up period. There were 2 725 cases of scarlet fever and 104 013 clinical cases of streptococcal infections reported in 36 surveillance hospitals during the same period. The ratio between numbers of scarlet fever cases and streptococcal infection was 1 ∶ 38.17. The weekly numbers of scarlet fever were remarkably correlated to the streptococcal infections, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient as 0.729 (<0.001). Accordingly, we estimated that about 21.4 thousand clinical cases of streptococcal infections that were caused by Group A streptococcus in 2011, in Beijing. Incidence of scarlet fever in 2011 was significantly higher than the average levels of other years in Beijing, but characteristics on spatial, temporal and population distributions of scarlet fever remained the same, with good prognosis of the reported cases. A large number of culture-positive Group A streptococcus infections among all the clinical cases of streptococcal infection might have been served as important source on septic infection, of scarlet fever.
本研究旨在探讨2006年至2015年北京猩红热流行期间的发病趋势及发病特征。采用描述性流行病学方法分析猩红热及其他链球菌感染（包括链球菌感染、扁桃体炎和咽峡炎患者）报告病例的空间、时间和人群分布、预后及监测数据。2006年至2015年共报告猩红热病例27987例，除2011年外，这些年的发病率为每10万人7.04至18.53例。2011年共报告6152例，发病率为每10万人31.37例，显著高于其他年份的平均水平。城乡结合部、夏季和冬季报告的病例较多，大多数病例为小学和幼儿园儿童。2011年5月至12月，对4332例发病三周后的患者进行了随访，病情好转或康复，随访期间无死亡或并发症发生。同期36家监测医院共报告猩红热病例2725例，链球菌感染临床病例104013例。猩红热病例数与链球菌感染病例数之比为1∶38.17。猩红热的周发病数与链球菌感染显著相关，Pearson相关系数为0.729（<0.001）。据此，我们估计2011年北京约有2.14万例由A组链球菌引起的链球菌感染临床病例。2011年北京猩红热发病率显著高于其他年份的平均水平，但猩红热的空间、时间和人群分布特征保持不变，报告病例预后良好。所有链球菌感染临床病例中大量培养阳性的A组链球菌感染可能是猩红热败血症感染的重要来源。
