Jafari Narjes, Abediankenari Saeid
Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Tumour Biol. 2017 May;39(5):1010428317701652. doi: 10.1177/1010428317701652.
Gastric cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with a low survival rate for patients with advanced forms of the disease. Over the recent decades, the investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of tumourigenesis has opened promising avenues to understand some of the complexities of cancer treatment. However, tumour regeneration and metastasis impose great difficulty for gastric cancer cure. In recent years, cancer stem cells - a small subset of tumour cells in many cancers - have become a major focus of cancer research. Cancer stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are known to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Recent studies have revealed the key role of microRNAs - small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression - in these processes. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes in a post-transcriptional manner, though their expression is dysregulated in most malignancies, including gastric cancer. In this article, we review the consequences of aberrant expression of microRNA-34 in cancer and cancer stem cells, with a specific focus on the miR-34 dysregulation in gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cells. We address the critical effects of the aberrant expression of miR-34 and its target genes in maintaining cancer stem cell properties. Information collection and discussion about the advancements in gastric cancer stem cells and microRNAs can be useful for providing novel insights into patient treatment.
胃癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一，晚期胃癌患者的生存率较低。在最近几十年里，对肿瘤发生的病理生理机制的研究为理解癌症治疗的一些复杂性开辟了有前景的途径。然而，肿瘤再生和转移给胃癌的治愈带来了巨大困难。近年来，癌症干细胞——许多癌症中肿瘤细胞的一个小亚群——已成为癌症研究的主要焦点。癌症干细胞能够自我更新，并且已知其负责肿瘤的起始、转移、治疗抵抗和癌症复发。最近的研究揭示了微小RNA（一种调节基因表达的小非编码RNA）在这些过程中的关键作用。微小RNA以转录后方式在广泛的生物过程调节中发挥关键作用，尽管它们的表达在包括胃癌在内的大多数恶性肿瘤中失调。在本文中，我们综述了微小RNA - 34在癌症和癌症干细胞中异常表达的后果，特别关注胃癌和胃癌干细胞中miR - 34的失调。我们阐述了miR - 34及其靶基因异常表达在维持癌症干细胞特性方面的关键作用。收集和讨论关于胃癌干细胞和微小RNA的进展对于为患者治疗提供新的见解可能是有用的。
