Murphy Margaret O, Loria Analia S
Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2017 Jul 1;313(1):R1-R9. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00185.2016. Epub 2017 May 3.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has traditionally been viewed as a male disease; however, the relative risk for obesity and hypertension morbidity and mortality, major risk factors for CVD, is higher for women in the United States. Emerging epidemiological data strongly support stressful experiences as a modifiable risk factor for obesity, insulin resistance, and heart disease in women at all ages. Therefore, primary prevention of these diseases may be associated with both identifying and increasing the knowledge regarding the sex differences in emotional functioning associated with physiological responses to stress. The purpose of this review is to highlight the growing body of clinical and experimental studies showing that stress, obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, and CVD comorbidities are more prevalent in females. Overall, this review reveals the need for investigations to decipher the early origins of these comorbidities. Targeting the sources of behavioral/emotional stress through the trajectory of life has the potential to reduce the alarming projected rates for chronic disease in women.
心血管疾病（CVD）传统上一直被视为男性疾病；然而，在美国，肥胖和高血压发病率及死亡率（CVD的主要危险因素）的相对风险在女性中更高。新出现的流行病学数据有力地支持了压力经历是各年龄段女性肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和心脏病的一个可改变的危险因素。因此，这些疾病的一级预防可能与识别和增加有关情绪功能性别差异（与压力的生理反应相关）的知识有关。本综述的目的是强调越来越多的临床和实验研究表明，压力、肥胖相关的代谢紊乱和CVD合并症在女性中更为普遍。总体而言，本综述揭示了开展研究以破译这些合并症早期根源的必要性。通过生活轨迹针对行为/情绪压力源有可能降低女性慢性病的惊人预测发病率。
