Abbott Jessica K, Nordén Anna K, Hansson Bengt
Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 May 17;284(1854). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2806.
Many separate-sexed organisms have sex chromosomes controlling sex determination. Sex chromosomes often have reduced recombination, specialized (frequently sex-specific) gene content, dosage compensation and heteromorphic size. Research on sex determination and sex chromosome evolution has increased over the past decade and is today a very active field. However, some areas within the field have not received as much attention as others. We therefore believe that a historic overview of key findings and empirical discoveries will put current thinking into context and help us better understand where to go next. Here, we present a timeline of important conceptual and analytical models, as well as empirical studies that have advanced the field and changed our understanding of the evolution of sex chromosomes. Finally, we highlight gaps in our knowledge so far and propose some specific areas within the field that we recommend a greater focus on in the future, including the role of ecology in sex chromosome evolution and new multilocus models of sex chromosome divergence.
许多雌雄异体的生物都有控制性别决定的性染色体。性染色体通常重组率降低、基因含量特殊（通常具有性别特异性）、存在剂量补偿且大小异形。在过去十年中，关于性别决定和性染色体进化的研究有所增加，如今这是一个非常活跃的领域。然而，该领域内的一些方面并未得到与其他方面同等程度的关注。因此，我们认为对关键发现和实证研究进行历史性概述将使当前的思考置于背景之中，并帮助我们更好地理解下一步的方向。在此，我们呈现一个重要概念和分析模型的时间线，以及推动该领域发展并改变我们对性染色体进化理解的实证研究。最后，我们强调了目前我们知识上的空白，并提出了该领域内一些我们建议未来应更多关注的具体领域，包括生态在性染色体进化中的作用以及性染色体分化的新多位点模型。
