Mann Liesbeth, Feddes Allard R, Leiser Anne, Doosje Bertjan, Fischer Agneta H
Department of Social Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jacobs University BremenBremen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2017 Apr 20;8:495. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00495. eCollection 2017.
In personal accounts, humiliation is often reported as a very intense, painful, negative emotion. We report two scenario studies in which we explored two factors that may contribute to the intense character of humiliation: (1) unwanted, negative public exposure, and (2) a threat to central aspects of one's identity. Study 1 ( = 115) assessed emotional reactions to a public insult when an audience responded with either laughter or not and when someone from the audience offered support after the insult or no support was offered. Results showed that the intensity of humiliation increased when people laughed after the insult. However, support offered after the insult had no effect on reported humiliation. Study 2 ( = 99) focused on threats to different self-related values and showed stronger reports of humiliation when central self-related values were threatened than when less central self-related values were threatened. Study 2 also replicated the audience-effect from Study 1, but only when central self-related values were threatened and not when less central self-related values were threatened. Limitations of these studies (e.g., the use of scenarios) and potential avenues for future research, such as the (long-term) consequences of humiliation and humiliation in the context of social media, are discussed.
在个人叙述中，羞辱常常被描述为一种非常强烈、痛苦的负面情绪。我们报告了两项情景研究，在研究中我们探讨了可能导致羞辱强烈程度的两个因素：（1）不想要的、负面的公开曝光，以及（2）对个人身份核心方面的威胁。研究1（N = 115）评估了在观众对公开侮辱做出嘲笑或不嘲笑的反应，以及在侮辱发生后观众中有人提供支持或无人提供支持的情况下，人们的情绪反应。结果表明，当侮辱后人们发笑时，羞辱的强度会增加。然而，侮辱后提供的支持对报告的羞辱没有影响。研究2（N = 99）关注对不同自我相关价值观的威胁，结果显示，当核心自我相关价值观受到威胁时，羞辱的报告比不太核心的自我相关价值观受到威胁时更强。研究2还重现了研究1中的观众效应，但仅当核心自我相关价值观受到威胁时出现，而在不太核心的自我相关价值观受到威胁时未出现。讨论了这些研究的局限性（例如情景的使用）以及未来研究的潜在途径，如羞辱的（长期）后果以及社交媒体背景下的羞辱。
