Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46375. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046375. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
Despite the wealth of theoretical claims about the emotion of humiliation and its effect on human relations, there has been a lack of empirical research investigating what it means to experience humiliation. We studied the affective characteristics of humiliation, comparing the emotional experience of intergroup humiliation to two other emotions humiliation is often confused with: anger and shame. The defining characteristics of humiliation were low levels of guilt and high levels of other-directed outrage (like anger and unlike shame), and high levels of powerlessness (like shame and unlike anger). Reasons for the similarities and differences of humiliation with anger and shame are discussed in terms of perceptions of undeserved treatment and injustice. Implications for understanding the behavioral consequences of humiliation and future work investigating the role of humiliation in social life are discussed.
尽管有大量关于羞辱情绪及其对人际关系影响的理论观点，但缺乏实证研究来探讨体验羞辱意味着什么。我们研究了羞辱的情感特征，将群体间羞辱的情感体验与羞辱经常被混淆的另外两种情绪——愤怒和羞耻进行了比较。羞辱的特征是内疚感低，而对他人的愤怒感高（如愤怒，与羞耻不同），以及无力感高（如羞耻，与愤怒不同）。羞辱与愤怒和羞耻的相似和不同之处的原因是根据对不公正和不应得待遇的看法来讨论的。讨论了理解羞辱的行为后果以及未来研究羞辱在社会生活中的作用的意义。
