Constitutive expression in human cells of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B gene cloned in an episomal eukaryotic vector.

Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB-1) was obtained in human cells from the gB-1 gene cloned in the episomal replicating vector pBK-1, which contains the origin of replication and early region of the human papovavirus BK. Selective systems for the TK+ phenotype in TK-143B cells and for resistance to G418 in adenovirus 5-transformed 293 cells were used to obtain stable transformants that produced gB-1. While gB-1 expression in 143B cells required induction by HSV-1 early proteins, constitutive gB1 production was observed in 293 cells, where endogenous trans-acting factors probably replace the need for early viral products in the activation of the cloned gB-1 gene. The amount of recombinant gB-1 was comparable to that produced during HSV-1 lytic infection in human cells, due to amplification of the inserted gene in the replicating episomal vector. Expression of gB-1 was induced by cadmium and zinc when the promoter of the mouse metallothionein-I gene was placed upstream of gB1 structural sequences. The inducible system where the gB-1 gene is under the control of its own promoter could be employed to clarify the role of early viral products in induction of gB-1 synthesis. Constitutive expression of gB-1 in human cells could provide useful material for diagnostic purposes and for the preparation of a subunit vaccine against HSV infections.