Willinger Ulrike, Schmoeger Michaela, Deckert Matthias, Eisenwort Brigitte, Loader Benjamin, Hofmair Annemarie, Auff Eduard
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2017 Oct;46(5):1237-1247. doi: 10.1007/s10936-017-9493-z.
Specific language impairment (SLI) comprises impairments in receptive and/or expressive language. Aim of this study was to evaluate a screening for SLI. 61 children with SLI (SLI-children, age-range 4-6 years) and 61 matched typically developing controls were tested for receptive language ability (Token Test-TT) and for intelligence (Wechsler Preschool-and-Primary-Scale-of-Intelligence-WPPSI). Group differences were analyzed using t tests, as well as direct and stepwise discriminant analyses. The predictive value of the WPPSI with respect to TT performance was analyzed using regression analyses. SLI-children performed significantly worse on both TT and WPPSI ([Formula: see text]). The TT alone yielded an overall classification rate of 79%, the TT and the WPPSI together yielded an overall classification rate of 80%. TT performance was significantly predicted by verbal intelligence in SLI-children and nonverbal intelligence in controls whilst WPPSI subtest arithmetic was predictive in both groups. Without further research, the Token Test cannot be seen as a valid and sufficient tool for the screening of SLI in preschool children but rather as a tool for the assessment of more general intellectual capacities. SLI-children at this age already show impairments typically associated with SLI which indicates the necessity of early developmental support or training. Token Test performance is possibly an indicator for a more general developmental factor rather than an exclusive indicator for language difficulties.
特定语言障碍（SLI）包括接受性和/或表达性语言障碍。本研究的目的是评估一项针对SLI的筛查。对61名患有SLI的儿童（SLI儿童，年龄范围4至6岁）和61名匹配的发育正常的对照组儿童进行了接受性语言能力测试（代币测试-TT）和智力测试（韦氏学前和小学智力量表-WPPSI）。使用t检验以及直接和逐步判别分析来分析组间差异。使用回归分析来分析WPPSI对TT表现的预测价值。SLI儿童在TT和WPPSI上的表现均明显较差（[公式：见原文]）。仅TT的总体分类率为79%，TT和WPPSI一起的总体分类率为80%。SLI儿童的言语智力和对照组的非言语智力对TT表现有显著预测作用，而WPPSI子测试算术在两组中都具有预测性。在没有进一步研究的情况下，代币测试不能被视为筛查学龄前儿童SLI的有效和充分工具，而更应被视为评估更一般智力能力的工具。这个年龄段的SLI儿童已经表现出通常与SLI相关的障碍，这表明早期发育支持或训练的必要性。代币测试表现可能是一个更一般发育因素的指标，而不是语言困难的唯一指标。
