Younes Nadja, Reips Ulf-Dietrich
Graduate School of Decision Sciences, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Int J Psychol. 2018 Oct;53 Suppl 1:53-62. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12428. Epub 2017 May 5.
This article provides evidence for the long-term affiliation between ecological and cultural changes in German-speaking countries, based on the assumptions derived from social change and human development theory. Based on this theory, the increase in urbanisation, as a measure of ecological change, is associated with significant cultural changes of psychology. Whereas urbanisation is linked to greater individualistic values and materialistic attitudes, rural environments are strongly associated with collectivistic values like allegiance, prevalence of religion, and feelings of belonging and benevolence. Due to an increase in the German urbanisation rate over time, our study investigates whether Germany and the German-speaking countries around show the presumed changes in psychology. By using Google Books Ngram Viewer, we find that word frequencies, signifying individualistic (collectivistic) values, are positively (negatively) related to the urbanisation rate of Germany. Our results indicate that predictions about implications of an urbanising population for the psychology of culture hold true, supporting international universality of the social change and human development theory. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a predicted reversal for the time during and after World War II, reflecting Nazi propaganda and influence.
本文基于社会变革和人类发展理论的假设，为德语国家生态与文化变迁之间的长期关联提供了证据。基于该理论，作为生态变化衡量指标的城市化进程的加快，与心理学上显著的文化变化相关联。城市化与更强烈的个人主义价值观和物质主义态度相关，而农村环境则与集体主义价值观紧密相连，如忠诚、宗教盛行以及归属感和仁爱之情。随着德国城市化率随时间推移而上升，我们的研究调查德国及周边德语国家是否呈现出心理学上的假定变化。通过使用谷歌图书Ngram Viewer，我们发现表示个人主义（集体主义）价值观的词汇频率与德国的城市化率呈正（负）相关。我们的结果表明，关于城市化人口对文化心理影响的预测是正确的，支持了社会变革和人类发展理论的国际普遍性。此外，我们为二战期间及战后出现的预期逆转提供了证据，这反映了纳粹宣传和影响。
