Flicker Sharon M, Ayoub Haneen J S, Guynn Melissa J
Department of Psychology, Antioch College, Yellow Springs, OH, USA.
Asian University for Women, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Int J Psychol. 2019 Feb;54(1):33-41. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12429. Epub 2017 May 5.
This study investigates emotional display rules within the Palestinian context, focusing on the seven basic emotions in a sample of 150 college students from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Overall, participants felt that it was more appropriate to express positive emotions (happiness and surprise) than negative powerful (anger, contempt and disgust) or negative powerless (fear and sadness) emotions. They also perceived it to be more appropriate to express positive and negative powerless emotions to ingroup than outgroup members and to express negative powerful emotions to lower status compared to higher status individuals. Gender differences were also found: men endorsed greater expression of both powerful and, surprisingly, powerless emotions than women, but only when interacting with outgroup members. Results are interpreted in terms of the cultural values of individualism-collectivism and power distance as well as cultural differences in emotional expressiveness between collectivistic societies. This study is one of the first to examine emotional display rules in an Arab population, thus expanding our current knowledge base.
本研究调查了巴勒斯坦背景下的情绪表达规则，重点关注来自加沙地带和西岸的150名大学生样本中的七种基本情绪。总体而言，参与者认为表达积极情绪（快乐和惊讶）比表达消极的强烈情绪（愤怒、轻蔑和厌恶）或消极的无力情绪（恐惧和悲伤）更为合适。他们还认为，与外群体成员相比，向群体内成员表达积极和消极的无力情绪更为合适；与地位较高的个体相比，向地位较低的个体表达消极的强烈情绪更为合适。研究还发现了性别差异：男性比女性更倾向于表达强烈情绪，令人惊讶的是，在与外群体成员互动时，男性也更倾向于表达无力情绪。研究结果从个人主义-集体主义的文化价值观、权力距离以及集体主义社会之间情绪表达的文化差异等方面进行了解释。本研究是首批对阿拉伯人群体的情绪表达规则进行研究的项目之一，从而扩展了我们目前的知识库。
