Wang Linlin, Hu Lujun, Yan Shuang, Jiang Tian, Fang Shuguang, Wang Gang, Zhao Jianxin, Zhang Hao, Chen Wei
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
Food Funct. 2017 May 24;8(5):1966-1978. doi: 10.1039/c7fo00031f.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different kinds of oligosaccharides (a fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) formulation consisting of 95% FOS (FOS95); a galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) formulation consisting of 90% GOS (GOS90) and an isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) formulation consisting of 90% IMO (IMO90)) at dosages of 0.8, 4 g per d per kg bw and 8 g per d per kg bw on the composition and activity of the microbiota in the gut of mice with constipation induced by loperamide. Oligosaccharides were intragastrically administered to specific pathogen-free BALB/c mice once per day for 17 days. Feces were collected during a feeding trial and subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon analysis. Constipation indices, changes in gut microbiota and metabolic activity were measured to evaluate the effects of the oligosaccharides. The results show that oligosaccharides treated constipation by increasing both the water content of the feces and the small intestinal transit rate. The dosage required to treat constipation was different for different oligosaccharides. High-dose GOS90 was the most effective in relieving constipation, followed by medium-dose FOS95 and IMO90. The fecal samples were investigated after the oligosaccharide treatment. All three oligosaccharides increased the ratio of acetic acid and decreased the ratio of propionic and butyric acids in the feces. The increase in the ratio of acetic acid and the concentration of butyric acid were found to have relatively larger effects on constipation. After treatment with oligosaccharides, the gut microbiotas of the mice were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, oligosaccharide treatment increased the levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased the levels of Odoribacter, Alistipes and Bacteroides. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that oligosaccharides administered as a dietary supplement increase the water content of feces, reduce intestinal transit time, modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and increase the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of mice with constipation.
本研究旨在评估三种不同类型的低聚糖（一种由95%低聚果糖（FOS）组成的低聚果糖（FOS）制剂（FOS95）；一种由90%低聚半乳糖（GOS）组成的低聚半乳糖（GOS）制剂（GOS90）和一种由90%异麦芽低聚糖（IMO）组成的异麦芽低聚糖（IMO）制剂（IMO90）），以每天每千克体重0.8克、4克和8克的剂量，对洛哌丁胺诱导便秘的小鼠肠道微生物群的组成和活性的影响。低聚糖每天一次经胃内给予无特定病原体的BALB/c小鼠，持续17天。在喂养试验期间收集粪便，并进行16S rDNA扩增子分析。测量便秘指数、肠道微生物群变化和代谢活性，以评估低聚糖的效果。结果表明，低聚糖通过增加粪便含水量和小肠转运速率来治疗便秘。不同低聚糖治疗便秘所需的剂量不同。高剂量GOS90缓解便秘最有效，其次是中剂量FOS95和IMO90。在低聚糖治疗后对粪便样本进行了研究。所有三种低聚糖均增加了粪便中乙酸的比例，降低了丙酸和丁酸的比例。发现乙酸比例的增加和丁酸浓度对便秘有相对较大的影响。用低聚糖治疗后，小鼠的肠道微生物群以厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门为主。在属水平上，低聚糖治疗增加了乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的水平，降低了气味杆菌属、艾氏菌属和拟杆菌属的水平。总之，我们的结果表明，作为膳食补充剂给予的低聚糖可增加便秘小鼠粪便的含水量，减少肠道转运时间，调节肠道微生物群的组成，并增加粪便中短链脂肪酸的浓度。
