Flavonoids from whole Plant of and their Evaluation against Experimentally induced Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Rats.

BACKGROUND

possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, galactogenic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiasthmatic, antiamebic, antifungal, and antimalarial activities.

OBJECTIVE

The overall objective of the current study was the investigation of the whole plant extract of and flavonoids from on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The whole plant extract of was characterized by analysis of flavonoids (HPLC: HPLC, UV, IR, MS and HNMR). GERD model was induced surgically in Wistar rats under pentobarbitone sodium anesthesia (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and the tissue esophagus and stomach were removed. The tissues were washed with physiological saline and were examined for GERD. The whole plant extract of in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg were administered orally twice daily at 10:00 and 16:00 hours, respectively, for 5 days and kaempferol (100 mg/kg) or omeprazole (OMZ) in the dose of 30 mg/kg 1 hour prior to the induction of GERD. Control groups received suspension of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled water (10 mL/kg).

RESULTS

The levels of gastric wall mucus increased and of plasma histamine and H, K ATPase significantly decreased in groups treated by both the plant extract and flavonoids. Both the plant extract and flavonoids reduced the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and increased the levels of catalase and reduced glutathione.

CONCLUSIONS

The whole plant extract of is attributed to its antisecretory, gastroprotective, and antioxidant potential as that of quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and proton pump blocker (omeprazole) to treat GERD.

SUMMARY

The aqueous extract of whole plant of revealed the presence of kaempferol (0.0256%), quercetin (0.0557%), and rutin (0.0151%), and the ethyl acetate fraction of whole plant of possesses kaempferol (0.0487%), quercetin (0.0789%), and rutin (0.0184%).The levels of gastric wall mucus increased and of plasma histamine and H-K-ATPase significantly decreased in rats groups treated by both the whole plant extract of and flavonoids.Both the whole plant extract of and flavonoids reduced the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and increased the levels of catalase and reduced glutathione in rats groups. 1HNMR: Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, CAT: Catalase, EHAE: Aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta, EHEF: Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Euphorbia hirta, GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, GSH: Reduced Glutathione, HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography, IR: Infrared spectroscopy, LPO: Lipid Peroxidase, MDA: Malondialdehyde, MS: Mass Spectroscopy, OMZ: Omeprazole, ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, TBHQ: tert-Butylhydroquinone, TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography, UV: Ultraviolet, UV: Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy.