Institute for Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Heisenberg Research Group Socio-emotional Development and Health Across the Lifespan, Freie Universität Berlin.
Emotion. 2018 Mar;18(2):202-211. doi: 10.1037/emo0000323. Epub 2017 May 8.
Mindfulness is commonly defined as a multidimensional mode of being attentive to, and aware of, momentary experiences while taking a nonjudgmental and accepting stance. These qualities have been linked to 2 different facets of affective well-being: being attentive is proposed to lead to an appreciation of experiences as they are, and thus to positive affect (PA). Accepting unpleasant experiences in a nonjudgmental fashion has been hypothesized to reduce negative affect (NA). Alternatively, however, attention may increase both positive and negative affectivity, whereas nonjudgmental acceptance may modify how people relate to their experiences. Previous research has considered such differential associations at the trait level, although a mindful mode may be understood as a state of being. Using an experience-sampling methodology (ESM) with smartphones, the present research therefore links different state mindfulness facets to positive and NA in daily life. Seventy students (50% female, 20-30 years old) of different disciplines participated in the study. Based on multidimensional assessments of self-reported state mindfulness and state affect, the findings corroborate the hypotheses on the differential predictive value of 2 mindfulness facets: Participants experienced more PA when they were attentive to the present moment and less NA when they nonjudgmentally accepted momentary experiences. Furthermore, only nonjudgmental acceptance buffered the impact of daily hassles on affective well-being. The study contributes to a more fine-grained understanding of the within-person mechanisms relating mindfulness to affective well-being in daily life. Future interventions may be able to enhance different aspects of affective well-being by addressing specific facets of mindfulness. (PsycINFO Database Record
正念通常被定义为一种多维的注意和觉察当下体验的方式，同时采取非评判和接受的立场。这些品质与情感幸福感的两个不同方面有关：注意被认为可以导致对体验的欣赏，从而产生积极的情感（PA）。以非评判的方式接受不愉快的体验，被假设可以减少消极情感（NA）。然而，相反的是，注意力可能会增加积极和消极的情感，而不评判的接受可能会改变人们与自己体验的关系。先前的研究已经在特质水平上考虑了这种差异关联，尽管正念模式可以被理解为一种存在状态。因此，本研究使用智能手机的经验采样方法（ESM），将不同的状态正念特征与日常生活中的积极和消极情感联系起来。70 名来自不同学科的学生（女性占 50%，年龄在 20-30 岁之间）参与了这项研究。基于自我报告的状态正念和状态情感的多维评估，研究结果证实了关于两个正念特征的预测价值的假设：当参与者关注当下时，他们会体验到更多的 PA，当他们以非评判的方式接受当下的体验时，他们会体验到更少的 NA。此外，只有非评判的接受才能缓冲日常生活琐事对情感幸福感的影响。这项研究为更精细地理解与日常生活中的情感幸福感有关的个体内机制做出了贡献。未来的干预措施可能能够通过解决正念的具体特征来增强情感幸福感的不同方面。
