Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Psychiatry Res. 2017 Aug;254:263-267. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.063. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
Prior research has not yet investigated the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in adolescents and young adults based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). In the current study, the point prevalence of BDD, comorbid symptoms, and associated features, such as appearance-related suicidality, level of insight or history of plastic surgeries, were examined in a non-clinical sample of German adolescents and young adults (n=308), between 15 and 21 years old, using self-report measures. Eleven participants (3.6%; 95% CI=[1.9, 5.8]) met DSM-5 criteria for BDD. Self-reported BDD (vs. no-BDD) was related to respondents showing significantly more obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and lower degrees of insight regarding appearance concerns. Significantly more adolescents and young adults with vs. without self-reported BDD (36.4% vs. 8.8%) reported appearance-related suicidal ideation. In conclusion, body dysmorphic symptoms are common in adolescents and young adults and are associated with high rates of comorbid symptoms and suicidal ideation.
先前的研究尚未根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）的标准调查青少年和年轻成年人中体象障碍（BDD）的流行率。在当前的研究中，使用自我报告的措施，对 308 名年龄在 15 至 21 岁的德国青少年和年轻成年人（n=308）的非临床样本中进行了 BDD 的时点患病率、共病症状以及与外表相关的自杀意念、洞察力水平或整容手术史等相关特征的检查。11 名参与者（3.6%；95%CI=[1.9, 5.8]）符合 DSM-5 标准的 BDD。与没有 BDD 的自我报告（vs. 没有 BDD）相比，自我报告的 BDD 与受访者表现出更多的强迫观念-强迫行为（OC）症状和对外表问题的洞察力降低有关。与没有自我报告 BDD 的青少年和年轻人相比（36.4% vs. 8.8%），报告与外表相关的自杀意念的青少年和年轻人明显更多。总之，体象障碍症状在青少年和年轻成年人中很常见，与较高的共病症状和自杀意念发生率有关。
