Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Acta Derm Venereol. 2023 Sep 13;103:adv6232. doi: 10.2340/actadv.v103.6232.
Body dysmorphic disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by a preoccupation with a perceived flaw, which is commonly seen among dermatology patients. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of body dysmorphic disorder and assess self-esteem among a clinical sample of adolescents and young adults being managed for acne vulgaris. A total of 105 patients, age range 13-24 years, receiving acne treatment at 1 of 2 dermatology outpatient clinic were included. A self-report questionnaire was used, which included a body dysmorphic disorder screening tool (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Acne was graded with the Cook's acne grading scale. Out of 105 adolescents and young adults visiting a dermatologist due to acne, 13 (12.4%) screened positive for body dysmorphic disorder (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 6.8-20.2%). Patients with body dysmorphic disorder were more likely to have female gender (p = 0.020) and had lower self-esteem (RSES 15.8 vs 20.5, respectively, p = 0.013) compared with patients without body dysmorphic disorder. No differences were found in the frequency of body dysmorphic disorder with DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria. This is the first study to report on the frequency of body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem in adolescents and young adults with acne. Ultimately, more awareness of body dysmorphic disorder among adolescents and young adults presenting with dermatological disorders could lead to more rapid recognition and referral to psychiatric units.
躯体变形障碍是一种心理健康障碍，其特征是对感知到的缺陷的过分关注，这种情况在皮肤科患者中很常见。本研究的目的是确定躯体变形障碍的频率，并评估患有寻常痤疮的青少年和年轻成年人的临床样本中的自尊。共纳入 105 名年龄在 13-24 岁之间的患者，他们在 2 个皮肤科门诊之一接受痤疮治疗。使用自我报告问卷，其中包括躯体变形障碍筛查工具（基于精神障碍诊断与统计手册（DSM-5）诊断标准）和罗森伯格自尊量表（RSES）。痤疮采用库克痤疮分级量表进行分级。在因痤疮而就诊皮肤科的 105 名青少年和年轻人中，有 13 名（95%置信区间（95%CI）为 6.8-20.2%）筛查出躯体变形障碍阳性。患有躯体变形障碍的患者更有可能为女性（p=0.020），自尊较低（RSES 分别为 15.8 和 20.5，p=0.013）与无躯体变形障碍的患者相比。使用 DSM-IV 或 DSM-5 标准，躯体变形障碍的频率没有差异。这是第一项报告青少年和年轻成年人痤疮中躯体变形障碍和自尊频率的研究。最终，更多地了解患有皮肤病的青少年和年轻成年人的躯体变形障碍，可以更快速地识别和转介到精神科单位。
