Patel Anand, Kaufman Howard L, Disis Mary L
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Tumor Vaccine Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Chin Clin Oncol. 2017 Apr;6(2):19. doi: 10.21037/cco.2017.02.04.
Tumor vaccines have been an attractive concept in the immunotherapy of cancer based on the central role of tumor-associated antigens in allowing the immune system to recognize cancer cells and the large variety of platforms in which to present such antigens to the immune system. Early clinical studies of vaccines, however, were largely disappointing. Recent evidence that cancer-mediated T cell suppression may prevent T cell activation is leading to renewed interest in vaccine development. The use of T cell checkpoint inhibitors alone has revolutionized the contemporary treatment of human cancer, and has suggested that the emergence of neoantigens may be an important biomarker of therapeutic response. Thus, the possibility of using more personalized vaccines targeting relevant neoantigens alone and in combination with T cell checkpoint blockade is a new area of active clinical investigation. In this review we will discuss the central role of antigens in tumor immunotherapy, describe how vaccines may be developed in the context of modern genomic profiling of tumor cells and provide a forward looking perspective on how tumor vaccines may be incorporated into the current landscape of cancer therapy.
基于肿瘤相关抗原在使免疫系统识别癌细胞中所起的核心作用以及将此类抗原呈递给免疫系统的多种平台，肿瘤疫苗一直是癌症免疫治疗中一个颇具吸引力的概念。然而，疫苗的早期临床研究大多令人失望。最近有证据表明，癌症介导的T细胞抑制可能会阻止T细胞活化，这使得人们对疫苗开发重新产生兴趣。单独使用T细胞检查点抑制剂已经彻底改变了当代人类癌症的治疗方式，并表明新抗原的出现可能是治疗反应的一个重要生物标志物。因此，单独使用针对相关新抗原的更个性化疫苗以及与T细胞检查点阻断联合使用的可能性，是一个正在积极进行临床研究的新领域。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论抗原在肿瘤免疫治疗中的核心作用，描述如何在肿瘤细胞现代基因组分析的背景下开发疫苗，并对肿瘤疫苗如何融入当前癌症治疗格局提供前瞻性展望。
