Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Biosci Trends. 2020 Nov 4;14(5):349-353. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.03267. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
Immunotherapy, which targets T cell inhibitory receptors (immune checkpoints), is now being widely used to treat a variety of types of cancer combined with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors are highly dependent on the ability to present diverse tumor antigens to T cells. Neoantigens, arising from somatic mutations and specifically targeting tumor cells, have the potential to stimulate a highly specific immune anti-tumor response. Technological advances such as genomic sequencing and bioinformatics algorithms for epitope prediction have directly facilitated the development of neoantigen vaccines for individual cancers. Currently, several preclinical studies and early clinical trials using neoantigen in combination with checkpoint inhibitors have resulted in robust T cell responses and antitumor action. In the future, efforts will be made to optimize effective personalized neoantigen vaccines targeting individual tumors and to elucidate the immune mechanisms underlying tumor evolution.
免疫疗法针对 T 细胞抑制性受体（免疫检查点），目前正被广泛用于结合手术、化疗或放疗治疗多种类型的癌症。然而，免疫检查点抑制剂高度依赖于向 T 细胞呈现多样化肿瘤抗原的能力。新抗原源于体细胞突变，特异性靶向肿瘤细胞，具有刺激高度特异性免疫抗肿瘤反应的潜力。基因组测序等技术进步和针对表位预测的生物信息学算法，直接促进了个体化癌症的新抗原疫苗的发展。目前，一些使用新抗原与检查点抑制剂联合的临床前研究和早期临床试验已经产生了强大的 T 细胞反应和抗肿瘤作用。未来，将努力优化针对个体肿瘤的有效个性化新抗原疫苗，并阐明肿瘤进化的免疫机制。
