Kappeler Laurent, Clemessy Maud, Saget Sarah, Decourtye Lyvianne, Le Bouc Yves
UPMC université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS 938, hôpital Saint-Antoine, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne universités, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
UPMC université Paris 06, Inserm, UMRS 938, hôpital Saint-Antoine, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne universités, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2017 Jun;78(2):92-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 May 5.
Organism development is controlled by both genetic programs and the environment to insure a reproductive success as adults. Linear growth is an important part of the development and is mostly controlled by genetic factors. However, the variability of height in a given species does not seem to be specifically associated with SNP. This suggests that environment may play a crucial role. In agreement, an important part of height-related genes present CpG island in their proximal promoter, indicating potential involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. In mammals, the linear growth is regulated by the IGF system, with IGF-I and IGF-II during the fetal period, and IGF-I being included within the somatotropic axis during the postnatal period. Nutrition during the lactating period programs linear growth and adult size through a modulation of the somatotropic axis development and of the setting of its activity later on. The study of underlying mechanisms suggest two waves of programming, which involve both structural adaptation during the early postnatal period and permanent functional adaptation in adulthood. The former may involve a direct stimulation of axon growth of GHRH neurons by IGF-I in first weeks of life while the latter could involve permanent epigenetic modifications in adulthood.
生物体的发育受遗传程序和环境的共同控制，以确保成年后的繁殖成功。线性生长是发育的重要组成部分，主要受遗传因素控制。然而，给定物种中身高的变异性似乎与单核苷酸多态性（SNP）并无特定关联。这表明环境可能起着关键作用。与此一致的是，与身高相关的基因中有很大一部分在其近端启动子中存在CpG岛，这表明表观遗传机制可能参与其中。在哺乳动物中，线性生长受胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）系统调节，胎儿期由IGF-I和IGF-II调节，出生后IGF-I则纳入生长激素轴。哺乳期的营养通过调节生长激素轴的发育及其随后的活性设定来规划线性生长和成年体型。对潜在机制的研究表明存在两波编程过程，这涉及出生后早期的结构适应以及成年期的永久性功能适应。前者可能涉及出生后第一周内IGF-I对生长激素释放激素（GHRH）神经元轴突生长的直接刺激，而后者可能涉及成年期的永久性表观遗传修饰。
