Rinaldo Andrea, Bertuzzo Enrico, Blokesch Melanie, Mari Lorenzo, Gatto Marino
Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Dipartimento ICEA, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Cà Foscari Venice, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
Trends Parasitol. 2017 Aug;33(8):587-599. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 May 5.
Hydroclimatological and anthropogenic factors are key drivers of waterborne disease transmission. Information on human settlements and host mobility on waterways along which pathogens and hosts disperse, and relevant hydroclimatological processes, can be acquired remotely and included in spatially explicit mathematical models of disease transmission. In the case of epidemic cholera, such models allowed the description of complex disease patterns and provided insight into the course of ongoing epidemics. The inclusion of spatial information in models of disease transmission can aid in emergency management and the assessment of alternative interventions. Here, we review the study of drivers of transmission via spatially explicit approaches and argue that, because many parasitic waterborne diseases share the same drivers as cholera, similar principles may apply.
水文气候和人为因素是水源性疾病传播的关键驱动因素。关于病原体和宿主传播所沿水道上人类住区和宿主流动性的信息，以及相关的水文气候过程，可以通过遥感获取，并纳入疾病传播的空间明确数学模型中。对于霍乱流行而言，此类模型能够描述复杂的疾病模式，并深入了解正在发生的疫情发展过程。在疾病传播模型中纳入空间信息有助于应急管理和评估替代干预措施。在此，我们回顾通过空间明确方法对传播驱动因素的研究，并认为，由于许多寄生性水源性疾病与霍乱有着相同的驱动因素，可能适用类似的原则。
