Rinaldo Andrea, Gatto Marino, Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio
Laboratory of Ecohydrology ECHO/IIE/ENAC, École Polytechinque Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
Dipartimento ICEA, Università di Padova, Padova, IT, Italy.
Adv Water Resour. 2018 Feb;112:27-58. doi: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.10.005.
This paper draws together several lines of argument to suggest that an ecohydrological framework, i.e. laboratory, field and theoretical approaches focused on hydrologic controls on biota, has contributed substantially to our understanding of the function of river networks as ecological corridors. Such function proves relevant to: the spatial ecology of species; population dynamics and biological invasions; the spread of waterborne disease. As examples, we describe metacommunity predictions of fish diversity patterns in the Mississippi-Missouri basin, geomorphic controls imposed by the fluvial landscape on elevational gradients of species' richness, the zebra mussel invasion of the same Mississippi-Missouri river system, and the spread of proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish. We conclude that spatial descriptions of ecological processes in the fluvial landscape, constrained by their specific hydrologic and ecological dynamics and by the ecosystem matrix for interactions, i.e. the directional dispersal embedded in fluvial and host/pathogen mobility networks, have already produced a remarkably broad range of significant results. Notable scientific and practical perspectives are thus open, in the authors' view, to future developments in ecohydrologic research.
本文综合了多条论据，表明一个生态水文框架，即专注于水文对生物群控制的实验室、实地和理论方法，极大地促进了我们对河网作为生态廊道功能的理解。这种功能与以下方面相关：物种的空间生态学；种群动态和生物入侵；水传播疾病的传播。作为例子，我们描述了密西西比 - 密苏里河流域鱼类多样性模式的集合群落预测、河流地貌对物种丰富度海拔梯度的控制、斑马贻贝对同一密西西比 - 密苏里河水系的入侵以及鲑科鱼类中增殖性肾脏病的传播。我们得出结论，受其特定水文和生态动态以及相互作用的生态系统基质（即河流和宿主/病原体移动网络中嵌入的定向扩散）限制的河流地貌中生态过程的空间描述，已经产生了非常广泛的重要成果。因此，在作者看来，显著的科学和实践前景为生态水文研究的未来发展敞开了大门。
