Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2017 Nov;73(11):2282-2286. doi: 10.1002/ps.4608. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
The reported high loss rates of managed honey bee colonies have been attributed to diverse stressors including pesticides. Honey bee larvae can be exposed to pesticides in contaminated nectar, pollen and wax. Due to the difficulties of rearing larvae in vitro, research focusing on adult bee exposure to pesticides is more common than that on larva exposure to pesticides. Herein, we aimed to assess the acute toxicity of five insecticides to honey bee larvae using an improved in vitro rearing method.
LC and LD were calculated for larvae at 72 h following a single diet exposure administered when the larvae were 84 ± 12 h old. Solvent control larval mortalities were less than 15% at 72 h. The LC values (mg L ) for each tested pesticide were as follows: amitraz, 494.27; chlorpyrifos, 15.39; coumaphos, 90.01; fluvalinate, 27.69; and imidacloprid, 138.84. The LD values in µg per larva were 14.83 (amitraz), 0.46 (chlorpyrifos), 2.70 (coumaphos), 0.83 (fluvalinate) and 4.17 (imidacloprid).
The toxicity of the test pesticides to honey bee larvae from most to least toxic was chlorpyrifos > fluvalinate > coumaphos = imidacloprid > amitraz. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
据报道，管理不善的蜜蜂群的高死亡率归因于多种压力源，包括杀虫剂。蜜蜂幼虫可能会在受污染的花蜜、花粉和蜂蜡中接触到杀虫剂。由于在体外饲养幼虫的困难，研究重点通常是成年蜜蜂接触杀虫剂，而不是幼虫接触杀虫剂。在此，我们旨在使用改进的体外饲养方法来评估五种杀虫剂对蜜蜂幼虫的急性毒性。
当幼虫 84 ± 12 小时大时，给予单一饮食暴露，在 72 小时后计算幼虫的 LC 和 LD。在 72 小时时，溶剂对照幼虫死亡率低于 15%。每种测试杀虫剂的 LC 值（mg L ）如下：胺菊酯，494.27；毒死蜱，15.39；氯菊酯，90.01；氟戊菊酯，27.69；和吡虫啉，138.84。每只幼虫的 LD 值为 14.83（胺菊酯）、0.46（毒死蜱）、2.70（氯菊酯）、0.83（氟戊菊酯）和 4.17（吡虫啉）。
测试杀虫剂对蜜蜂幼虫的毒性从高到低依次为毒死蜱>氟戊菊酯>氯菊酯=吡虫啉>胺菊酯。 © 2017 化学工业协会。
