Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Bee Academy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jun;249:860-867. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.077. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
The acute and chronic toxicity of 3 common pesticides, namely, amitraz, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate, were tested in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. Acute oral toxicity LC values were calculated after 24 h of exposure to contaminated syrup, and chronic toxicity was tested after 15 days of exposure to 2 sublethal concentrations of pesticides. The toxicity of the tested pesticides to A. mellifera and A. cerana decreased in the order of dimethoate > chlorpyrifos > amitraz. A. mellifera was slightly more sensitive to chlorpyrifos and dimethoate than A. cerana, while A. cerana was more sensitive to amitraz than A. mellifera. Chronic toxicity tests showed that 1.0 mg/L dimethoate reduced the survival of the two bee species and the food consumption of A. mellifera, while 1.0 mg/L amitraz and 1.0 mg/L chlorpyrifos did not affect the survival or food consumption of the two bee species. The treatment of syrup with amitraz at a concentration equal to 1/10th of the LC value did not affect the survival of or diet consumption by A. mellifera and A. cerana; however, chlorpyrifos and dimethoate at concentrations equal to 1/10th of their respective LC values affected the survival of A. cerana. Furthermore, intestinal bacterial communities were identified using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3V4 regions of the 16S rDNA gene. All major honey bee intestinal bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria (62.84%), Firmicutes (34.04%), and Bacteroidetes (2.02%), were detected. There was a significant difference in the microbiota species richness of the two species after 15 days; however, after 30 days, no significant differences were found in the species diversity and richness between A. cerana and A. mellifera exposed to 1.0 mg/L amitraz and 1.0 mg/L chlorpyrifos. Overall, our results confirm that acute toxicity values are valuable for evaluating the chronic toxicity of these pesticides to honey bees.
本研究测试了 3 种常用杀虫剂（脒丙威、毒死蜱和乐果）对中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的急性和慢性毒性。在接触受污染糖浆 24 小时后，计算出急性经口毒性 LC 值，然后在接触 2 种亚致死浓度的杀虫剂 15 天后，测试慢性毒性。结果表明，测试杀虫剂对中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的毒性顺序为乐果＞毒死蜱＞脒丙威。与中华蜜蜂相比，意大利蜜蜂对毒死蜱和乐果更敏感，而对脒丙威更敏感。慢性毒性试验表明，1.0mg/L 乐果降低了这两种蜜蜂的存活率和意大利蜜蜂的食物消耗，而 1.0mg/L 脒丙威和 1.0mg/L 毒死蜱对这两种蜜蜂的存活率和食物消耗没有影响。用浓度等于 LC 值的 1/10 的脒丙威处理糖浆不会影响中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的存活或饮食消耗；然而，浓度等于各自 LC 值的 1/10 的毒死蜱和乐果会影响意大利蜜蜂的存活。此外，还使用靶向 16S rDNA 基因 V3V4 区的高通量测序来鉴定肠道细菌群落。检测到所有主要的蜜蜂肠道细菌门，包括变形菌门（62.84%）、厚壁菌门（34.04%）和拟杆菌门（2.02%）。在暴露于 1.0mg/L 脒丙威和 1.0mg/L 毒死蜱的 15 天后，两种蜜蜂的微生物物种丰富度存在显著差异；然而，在 30 天后，暴露于 1.0mg/L 脒丙威和 1.0mg/L 毒死蜱的中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂的物种多样性和丰富度没有显著差异。总之，本研究结果证实，急性毒性值可用于评估这些杀虫剂对蜜蜂的慢性毒性。
