Bernat Maria, Segarra Joan, Casals Carla, Teixidó Neus, Torres Rosario, Usall Josep
IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Dec;97(15):5319-5326. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8419. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is one of the most important postharvest diseases of stone fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the main postharvest operations of fruit - hydrocooling, cold room, water dump, sorting and cooling tunnel - in the development of M. laxa on peaches and nectarines artificially infected 48, 24 or 2 h before postharvest operations.
Commercial hydrocooling operation reduced incidence to 10% in 'Pp 100' nectarine inoculated 2 and 24 h before this operation; however, in 'Fantasia' nectarine incidence was not reduced, although lesion diameter was decreased in all studied varieties. Hydrocooling operation for 10 min and 40 mg L of sodium hypochlorite reduced brown rot incidence by 50-77% in nectarines inoculated 2 h before operation; however, in peach varieties it was not reduced. Water dump operation showed reduction of incidence on nectarine infected 2 h before immersion for 30 s in clean water at 4 °C and 40 mg L sodium hypochlorite; however, in peach varieties it was not reduced. Cold room, sorting and cooling tunnel operation did not reduce brown rot incidence.
From all studied handling operations on stone fruit packing houses, hydrocooling is the most relevant in the development of brown rot disease. Duration of the treatment seems to be more important than chlorine concentration. In addition, hydrocooling and water dump were less relevant in peaches than in nectarines. As a general trend, hydrocooling and water dump reduced incidence on fruit with recent infections (2 or 24 h before operation); however, when infections have been established (48 h before operation) diseases were not reduced. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
由链核盘菌属（Monilinia spp.）引起的褐腐病是核果采后最重要的病害之一。本研究的目的是评估果实采后主要操作——水冷却、冷藏库、水浸、分级和冷却隧道——在采后操作前48、24或2小时人工接种的桃和油桃上，对核果链核盘菌（M. laxa）发展的相关性。
商业水冷却操作使在该操作前2小时和24小时接种的“Pp 100”油桃发病率降至10%；然而，在“幻想曲”油桃中，发病率并未降低，尽管在所有研究品种中病斑直径有所减小。在操作前2小时接种的油桃中，10分钟的水冷却操作和40毫克/升的次氯酸钠使褐腐病发病率降低了50 - 77%；然而，在桃品种中发病率并未降低。水浸操作显示，在4℃的清洁水中浸泡30秒并添加40毫克/升次氯酸钠，可降低在浸泡前2小时感染的油桃的发病率；然而，在桃品种中发病率并未降低。冷藏库、分级和冷却隧道操作并未降低褐腐病发病率。
在核果包装厂所有研究的处理操作中，水冷却对褐腐病的发展最为关键。处理时间似乎比氯浓度更重要。此外，水冷却和水浸对桃的影响比对油桃的影响小。一般来说，水冷却和水浸可降低近期感染（操作前2或24小时）果实的发病率；然而，当感染已经确立（操作前48小时）时，病害并未减轻。© 2017化学工业协会
