Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland; Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin, Poland.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Aug;227:406-413. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.064. Epub 2017 May 6.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of activated carbon (AC) or biochars on the bioaccessibility (C) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils vegetated with willow (Salix viminalis). The study determined the effect of willow on the C PAHs and the effect of the investigated amendments on changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), crop yield and the content of PAHs in plants. PAH-contaminated soil was amended with 2.5 wt% AC or biochar. Samples from individual plots with and without plants were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. The C PAHs were determined using sorptive bioaccessibility extraction (SBE) (silicon rods and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin). Both AC and biochar caused a decrease in the C PAHs. Immediately after adding AC, straw-derived biochar or willow-derived biochar to the soil, the reduction in the sum of 16 (Σ16) C PAHs was 70.3, 38.0, and 29.3%, respectively. The highest reduction of C was observed for 5- and 6-ring PAHs (from 54.4 to 100%), whereas 2-ring PAHs were reduced only 8.0-25.4%. The reduction of C PAHs increased over time. Plants reduced C in all soils although effects varied by soil treatment and PAH. Willow grown in AC- and biochar-amended soil accumulated less phenanthrene than in the control soil. The presence of AC in the soil also affected willow yield and shoot length and DOC was reduced from 53.5 to 66.9% relative to unamended soils. In the biochars-amended soil, no changes in soil DOC content were noted nor effects on willow shoot length.
本研究旨在确定活性炭（AC）或生物炭对柳树（Salix viminalis）植被土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）生物可给性（C）的影响。该研究确定了柳树对 C PAHs 的影响以及所研究的改良剂对溶解有机碳（DOC）、作物产量和植物中 PAHs 含量变化的影响。将 2.5wt%的 AC 或生物炭添加到受 PAH 污染的土壤中。在实验开始时和 3、6、12 和 18 个月后，从有植物和无植物的各个地块采集样品。使用吸附生物可给性提取（SBE）（硅棒和羟丙基-β-环糊精）测定 C PAHs。AC 和生物炭都导致 C PAHs 减少。将 AC、秸秆衍生生物炭或柳树衍生生物炭立即添加到土壤中后，16 种（Σ16）C PAHs 的总和分别减少了 70.3%、38.0%和 29.3%。对于 5-和 6-环 PAHs（从 54.4%到 100%），观察到最高的 C 减少，而 2-环 PAHs 仅减少 8.0%-25.4%。C PAHs 的减少随着时间的推移而增加。尽管处理和 PAH 不同，但所有土壤中的植物都降低了 C。与对照土壤相比，在添加 AC 和生物炭的土壤中生长的柳树积累的菲较少。土壤中存在 AC 也会影响柳树的产量和枝条长度，与未添加土壤相比，DOC 减少了 53.5%至 66.9%。在生物炭添加的土壤中，未观察到土壤 DOC 含量的变化，也未观察到对柳树枝条长度的影响。
