McNaughten Ben, Bourke Thomas, Thompson Andrew
Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK.
Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2017 Oct;102(5):226-229. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312121. Epub 2017 May 9.
Pica is defined as the persistent ingestion of non-nutritive substances for more than 1 month at an age at which this behaviour is deemed inappropriate. It occurs most commonly in children, in patients with learning disabilities and in pregnancy. The aetiology of pica is poorly understood and is probably multifactorial. Clinical assessment can be difficult. History and examination should be tailored to address potential complications of the substance being ingested. Complications can be life threatening. Pica often self-remits in younger children. In those with learning disabilities, however, pica may persist into adulthood. Management strategies should involve a multidisciplinary approach, and interventions are primarily behavioural in nature. There is limited evidence to support pharmacological interventions in the management of children with pica.
异食癖的定义为，在被认为该行为不适当的年龄持续摄入非营养性物质超过1个月。它最常见于儿童、有学习障碍的患者以及孕期女性。异食癖的病因尚不清楚，可能是多因素的。临床评估可能很困难。病史询问和体格检查应针对所摄入物质的潜在并发症。并发症可能危及生命。异食癖在幼儿中常可自行缓解。然而，对于有学习障碍的人，异食癖可能会持续到成年。管理策略应采用多学科方法，干预措施主要是行为方面的。支持使用药物干预治疗异食癖儿童的证据有限。
