Nisoli Mauro, Decleva Piero, Calegari Francesca, Palacios Alicia, Martín Fernando
Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano, Italy.
Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano, Italy.
Chem Rev. 2017 Aug 23;117(16):10760-10825. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453. Epub 2017 May 10.
Advances in attosecond science have led to a wealth of important discoveries in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics and are progressively directing their footsteps toward problems of chemical interest. Relevant technical achievements in the generation and application of extreme-ultraviolet subfemtosecond pulses, the introduction of experimental techniques able to follow in time the electron dynamics in quantum systems, and the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the outcomes of such experiments have raised a continuous growing interest in attosecond phenomena, as demonstrated by the vast literature on the subject. In this review, after introducing the physical mechanisms at the basis of attosecond pulse generation and attosecond technology and describing the theoretical tools that complement experimental research in this field, we will concentrate on the application of attosecond methods to the investigation of ultrafast processes in molecules, with emphasis in molecules of chemical and biological interest. The measurement and control of electronic motion in complex molecular structures is a formidable challenge, for both theory and experiment, but will indubitably have a tremendous impact on chemistry in the years to come.
阿秒科学的进展已在原子、分子和固态物理学领域带来了大量重要发现，并正逐步将脚步迈向具有化学研究价值的问题。在极紫外亚飞秒脉冲的产生与应用方面的相关技术成果，能够实时追踪量子系统中电子动力学的实验技术的引入，以及用于解释此类实验结果的复杂理论方法的发展，引发了人们对阿秒现象持续增长的兴趣，关于该主题的大量文献即证明了这一点。在本综述中，在介绍阿秒脉冲产生和阿秒技术背后的物理机制并描述补充该领域实验研究的理论工具之后，我们将专注于阿秒方法在分子超快过程研究中的应用，重点是具有化学和生物学研究价值的分子。对于理论和实验而言，复杂分子结构中电子运动的测量与控制都是一项艰巨的挑战，但在未来几年无疑将对化学产生巨大影响。
