Isah Muhammad D, Makusidi Muhammad A, Abbas Aminu, Okpapi Juliana U, Njoku Chibueze H, Abba Abdullahi A
Department of Medicine, UDUTH, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, ABUTH, Zaria, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2017 Jan-Mar;24(1):1-7. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_151_16.
Cigarette smoking is a widespread social habit in Nigeria with extensive deleterious multisystemic effect. Ventilatory dysfunction is one of the cigarette smoking-related illnesses that affect the respiratory system. Spirometry is an investigative method that can be used for the early detection of ventilatory dysfunction even before the onset of the symptoms.
A questionnaire adapted from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey was administered to collect demographic, clinical, and cigarette smoking data. Ventilatory function test was conducted using Clement Clarke (One Flow) Spirometer, version 1.3. The highest value of each ventilatory function index was chosen for analysis, and individual(s) with ventilatory dysfunction were subjected to post bronchodilator spirometry.
For the purpose of this research, 150 participants who were currently cigarette smokers were enrolled, and 50 apparently healthy, age-matched individuals who were never smokers served as controls in the ratio of 3:1. Eighty percent of participants and 68% of controls were aged 40 years or below. The mean age of participants (34.27 ± 8.91 years) and the controls (35.08 ± 10.35 years) was not significantly different (P = 0.592). Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences between the mean anthropometric indices (weight: P = 0.663, height: P = 0.084, and body mass index: P = 0.099) of both participants and controls. The mean values of FEV1 (forced expiratory flow in one second) and FEV1/FVC (FVC=forced vital capacity) were lower in the participants compared to the controls, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between pack-years of cigarette smoking and FEV1 (r = -0.237 and P = 0.004). Obstructive ventilatory defect was found among six study participants (4%) and two controls (4%).
Cigarette smoking is associated with decline in ventilatory function test indices (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) in adult males. Decline in FEV1 is directly related to pack-years of cigarette smoking.
吸烟是尼日利亚一种普遍的社会习惯，具有广泛的有害多系统影响。通气功能障碍是影响呼吸系统的与吸烟相关的疾病之一。肺量计检查是一种可用于在症状出现之前早期检测通气功能障碍的检查方法。
采用改编自欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查的问卷收集人口统计学、临床和吸烟数据。使用克莱门特·克拉克（单流量）肺量计1.3版进行通气功能测试。选择每个通气功能指标的最高值进行分析，对通气功能障碍者进行支气管扩张剂后肺量计检查。
本研究纳入了150名当前吸烟者，50名明显健康、年龄匹配的从不吸烟者作为对照，比例为3:1。80%的参与者和68%的对照年龄在40岁及以下。参与者的平均年龄（34.27±8.91岁）和对照的平均年龄（35.08±10.35岁）无显著差异（P = 0.592）。同样，参与者和对照的平均人体测量指标（体重：P = 0.663，身高：P = 0.084，体重指数：P = 0.099）之间也无统计学显著差异。与对照相比，参与者的第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）和FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）的平均值较低，且这种差异具有统计学显著性（P < 0.001）。吸烟包年数与FEV1之间存在弱负相关（r = -0.237，P = 0.004）。6名研究参与者（4%）和2名对照（4%）存在阻塞性通气缺陷。
吸烟与成年男性通气功能测试指标（FEV1和FEV1/FVC）下降有关。FEV1的下降与吸烟包年数直接相关。
