大于其各部分之和：亚洲人集体主义度量的发展。
Greater than the sum of its parts: Development of a measure of collectivism among Asians.
机构信息
Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University.
出版信息
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2018 Apr;24(2):242-259. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000163. Epub 2017 May 11.
OBJECTIVES
Collectivism can contextualize subjective cultural experiences, yet operationalization and measurement approaches for understanding this construct among Asians and Asian Americans have been discrepant. Inconsistency has resulted from diverse levels of analyses, unidimensional versus multidimensional approaches to organizing related subconstructs, and different degrees of cultural specificity of existing instruments. The Brief Collectivism Questionnaire (BCQ) was developed to address these limitations in assessing general collectivism in Asian cultures, while capturing its diverse attitudinal and behavioral manifestations, using a bifactor framework.
METHOD
Data were collected from 2 samples of Asian American and Asian international students (N₁ = 267: M = 20.4, 48.7% women; N₂ = 375: M = 19.0, 55.6% women). The structure underlying collectivism was examined in exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) factor analyses. Correlational and hierarchical multiple regression analyses tested the BCQ's validity, particularly the extent to which broadband collectivism and content-specific subdomains overlapped with existing measures of the construct (Study 3).
RESULTS
A bifactor structure with 1 general factor of collectivism and 3 specific factors (Prosocial Motivations, Maintaining Harmony, and Concern for Face) demonstrated the best fit for the data and supported the conceptual framework. The BCQ showed adequate internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and concurrent and incremental validity predicting depression and openness toward treatment seeking.
CONCLUSIONS
The BCQ appears to be a multidimensional, psychometrically sound measure that assesses broadband and narrowband contents of collectivism among Asians. The bifactor structure integrates diverse conceptualizations of individual-level collectivism, and clarifies how this construct is related to adjustment outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
目的
集体主义可以使主观文化体验具有情境性，但在亚洲人和亚裔美国人中理解这一概念的操作化和测量方法存在差异。这种不一致源于分析层次的多样性、组织相关子结构的单维与多维方法，以及现有工具在文化特异性方面的不同程度。《简要集体主义问卷》（BCQ）的开发旨在解决评估亚洲文化中一般集体主义时存在的这些局限性，同时使用双因素框架捕捉其多样化的态度和行为表现。
方法
数据来自两组亚裔美国人和亚裔国际学生的样本（N₁=267：M=20.4，48.7%为女性；N₂=375：M=19.0，55.6%为女性）。在探索性（研究 1）和验证性（研究 2）因子分析中，考察了集体主义的结构。相关和分层多元回归分析检验了 BCQ 的有效性，特别是宽带集体主义和特定内容子领域与现有构念测量之间的重叠程度（研究 3）。
结果
具有 1 个集体主义总因子和 3 个特定因子（亲社会动机、维持和谐、关心面子）的双因素结构最适合数据，支持了概念框架。BCQ 显示出足够的内部一致性信度、收敛和区分效度，以及同时预测抑郁和对治疗寻求的开放性的有效性和增量有效性。
结论
BCQ 似乎是一种多维、心理测量可靠的测量工具，可评估亚洲人集体主义的宽带和窄带内容。双因素结构整合了个体层面集体主义的不同概念化，并阐明了这一概念与适应结果的关系。
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