Department of Psychology.
Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology.
J Couns Psychol. 2018 Oct;65(5):556-570. doi: 10.1037/cou0000298. Epub 2018 Jul 23.
The Gendered Racism Scales for Asian American Men (GRSAM) was developed to assess the frequency and stress level of gendered racism perceived by Asian American men. The development of the new measure was grounded in the Intersectional Fusion Paradigm. This paradigm explains individuals' experiences of discrimination based on unique combinations of multiple interlocking identities that individuals experience simultaneously. In mixed samples of college students and community adults, GRSAM's factor structure as well as evidence of convergent validity, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, incremental validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability was examined. Exploratory factor analyses revealed three dimensions of GRSAM: Psychological Emasculation, Perceived Undesirable Partner, and Perceived Lack of Leadership. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a bifactor model was a better fit to the data than a correlated three-factor model and a higher-order model. Results of correlation and regression analyses further provided evidence for different aspects of construct validity and internal consistency. Both the Frequency and Stress versions of GRSAM positively predicted psychological distress and somatic symptoms above and beyond the effects of general racism experienced by Asian Americans and masculine gender role stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
《亚裔美国男性性别种族主义量表》（GRSAM）旨在评估亚裔美国男性感知到的性别种族主义的频率和压力水平。新测量工具的开发基于交叉融合范式。该范式根据个人同时经历的多个相互关联的身份的独特组合来解释个人的歧视经历。在大学生和社区成年人的混合样本中，考察了 GRSAM 的因子结构以及收敛效度、效标关联效度、判别效度、增量效度、内部一致性和重测信度的证据。探索性因素分析显示 GRSAM 有三个维度：心理 emasculation、被感知到的不受欢迎的伴侣和被感知到的缺乏领导力。验证性因素分析表明，双因素模型比相关的三因素模型和高阶模型更适合数据。相关和回归分析的结果进一步为不同方面的结构有效性和内部一致性提供了证据。GRSAM 的频率和压力版本都能预测亚裔美国人经历的一般种族主义和男性性别角色压力之外的心理困扰和躯体症状。
