Amjadi Morteza, Mostaghaci Babak, Sitti Metin
Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
Max Planck-ETH Center for Learning Systems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany.
Curr Gene Ther. 2017;17(2):139-146. doi: 10.2174/1566523217666170510151540.
There is a growing interest in transdermal delivery systems because of their noninvasive, targeted, and on-demand delivery of gene and drugs. However, efficient penetration of therapeutic compounds into the skin is still challenging largely due to the impermeability of the outermost layer of the skin, known as stratum corneum. Recently, there have been major research activities to enhance the skin penetration depth of pharmacological agents. This article reviews recent advances in the development of various strategies for skin penetration enhancement. We show that approaches such as ultrasound waves, laser, and microneedle patches have successfully been employed to physically disrupt the stratum corneum structure for enhanced transdermal delivery. Rather than physical approaches, several non-physical route have also been utilized for efficient transdermal delivery across the skin barrier. Finally, we discuss some clinical applications of transdermal delivery systems for gene and drug delivery. This paper shows that transdermal delivery devices can potentially function for diverse healthcare and medical applications while further investigations are still necessary for more efficient skin penetration of gene and drugs.
由于其能够以非侵入性、靶向性和按需方式递送基因和药物，经皮给药系统正受到越来越多的关注。然而，治疗性化合物有效渗透进入皮肤仍然具有挑战性，这主要是由于皮肤最外层即角质层具有不渗透性。最近，为提高药物制剂的皮肤渗透深度开展了大量研究活动。本文综述了各种增强皮肤渗透策略的最新进展。我们发现，诸如超声波、激光和微针贴片等方法已成功用于物理破坏角质层结构以增强经皮给药。除了物理方法外，还采用了几种非物理途径来实现药物有效透过皮肤屏障进行经皮给药。最后，我们讨论了经皮给药系统在基因和药物递送方面的一些临床应用。本文表明，经皮给药装置可能在多种医疗保健和医学应用中发挥作用，不过为了实现基因和药物更有效的皮肤渗透，仍需进一步研究。
