Kjærup R B, Juul-Madsen H R, Norup L R, Sørensen P, Dalgaard T S
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2017 May;187:69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 15.
Owing to the higher demands for avoiding medication and antibiotics, health status of the production animals plays an important role in the poultry industry, especially in organic poultry systems. Immunity plays a major role in keeping the host free from disease, and it is evident that the host's genetic make-up influences immunity and disease resistance/susceptibility in chickens. Previously, breeding strategies aimed at selection for resistance against specific diseases with the risk of creating less disease resistance against other pathogens. Changing breeding strategies towards selection of chickens with a more general and broad disease resistance or robustness may therefore improve the overall health status, animal welfare, and food security in the poultry production. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the immunocompetence of the presumed "robust" Hellevad chickens with two chicken lines widely used in organic production, Bovans Brown (Bovans) and Hisex White (Hisex). The chickens were subjected to a routine vaccination program comprising one parasite and four viral vaccines. The current study indicates that considerable differences in immunocompetence may exist between commercial layer lines used in organic production. The Hellevad chickens were found to have higher body weight at the end of the experiment (17 weeks of age) than the other two lines. Furthermore, Hellevad and Hisex chickens were found to have higher levels of humoral innate immunity with regard to sample to positive ratio of natural antibodies in serum and concentration of mannose-binding lectin in serum as compared to Bovans. Moreover, indications of an inflammatory response were observed in the Bovans at week 5, corresponding to 1 week after vaccination with live infectious bursal disease virus. With regard to adaptive immune parameters such as IgY concentration in blood and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-specific antibody titres, the Hellevad and Hisex chickens had lower levels than the Bovans. How the differences observed in growth and immune parameters in the three chicken lines influence the immune protection against infection needs to be studied further.
由于对避免用药和抗生素的要求更高，生产动物的健康状况在 poultry 行业中起着重要作用，尤其是在有机家禽养殖系统中。免疫力在使宿主免受疾病侵害方面起着主要作用，很明显，宿主的基因构成会影响鸡的免疫力和抗病性/易感性。以前，育种策略旨在选择对特定疾病具有抗性的品种，但存在对其他病原体抗病性降低的风险。因此，将育种策略转向选择具有更广泛抗病性或强健性的鸡，可能会改善家禽生产中的整体健康状况、动物福利和食品安全。因此，本研究的目的是比较假定“强健 ”的 Hellevad 鸡与有机生产中广泛使用的两个鸡品种 Bovans Brown（Bovans）和 Hisex White（Hisex）的免疫能力。这些鸡接受了包括一种寄生虫疫苗和四种病毒疫苗的常规疫苗接种程序。当前研究表明，有机生产中使用的商业蛋鸡品种之间可能存在免疫能力的显著差异。在实验结束时（17 周龄），发现 Hellevad 鸡的体重高于其他两个品种。此外，与 Bovans 相比，发现 Hellevad 和 Hisex 鸡在血清中天然抗体的样本阳性率和血清中甘露糖结合凝集素浓度方面具有更高水平的体液固有免疫。此外，在第 5 周，即在接种活传染性法氏囊病病毒 1 周后，在 Bovans 鸡中观察到炎症反应迹象。关于适应性免疫参数，如血液中的 IgY 浓度和传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）特异性抗体滴度，Hellevad 和 Hisex 鸡的水平低于 Bovans 鸡。三个鸡品种在生长和免疫参数上观察到的差异如何影响对感染的免疫保护，需要进一步研究。
