Mendes Adilson, Hoga Luiza, Gonçalves Bruna, Silva Pâmela, Pereira Priscilla
1The Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence 2School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017 May;15(5):1350-1408. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003389.
Women are affected dramatically by urinary incontinence (UI). This disease is currently considered as epidemic.
The objective of this review is to identify, through the best available evidence, how women experience UI worldwide.
The current review included studies of adult women who had experienced UI.
Women with UI from various social and cultural settings were included in this review.
Qualitative data including, but not limited to, study designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research were included in this review.
All aspects related to the experience of UI endured by women were considered.
An initial search of MEDLINE (PubMed) and CINAHL was done, followed by the exploration of all the databases and all identified studies, published in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese. The databases searched were CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Lilacs, Scielo, BVS, BVS-Psi, Scopus, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Dissertation Abstracts International and the University of São Paulo Dissertations and Thesis bank and gray literature.
Each primary study was assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Appraisal and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI) data extraction form for interpretive and critical research was used to appraise the methodological quality of all papers.
Qualitative data were extracted using the JBI-QARI.
Qualitative research findings were synthesized using the JBI-QARI.
From the 28 studies were included, 189 findings were extracted and they were grouped into 25 categories and eight synthesized findings: (i) cultural and religious backgrounds and personal reluctance contribute to delays in seeking UI treatment; (ii) the inevitable and regrettable problem of UI endured silently and alone affects women's daily activities and their social roles; (iii) poor knowledge and the vague nature of the symptoms mask the fact that UI is a disease; (iv) the experiences provoked by UI and the sense of shame regarding the condition have contributed to impair women's lives; (v) UI has provoked negative effects on women's intimacy and sexual satisfaction and provoked changes in the ways they experience their sexuality and sexual function; (vi) UI is considered a consequence of pregnancy and childbirth, inherent to aging or a religious punishment; (vii) the women affected by UI adopt several strategies to improve their health status; and (viii) women have personal preferences toward care providers and treatments; they confront difficulties through UI treatment and some care needs are not met.
Personal and tailored health care should be provided, and preferences and expectations should be taken into consideration in the provision of health care to the people affected by UI.
尿失禁（UI）对女性影响极大。目前该病被视为一种流行病。
本综述的目的是通过现有最佳证据，确定全球女性如何经历尿失禁。
纳入标准 参与者类型：本综述纳入了有尿失禁经历的成年女性研究。
本综述纳入了来自不同社会和文化背景的尿失禁女性。
本综述纳入了定性数据，包括但不限于现象学、扎根理论、民族志、行动研究和女性主义研究等研究设计。
考虑了与女性尿失禁经历相关的所有方面。
首先对MEDLINE（PubMed）和CINAHL进行检索，随后探索所有数据库以及所有以英文、西班牙文、法文和葡萄牙文发表的已识别研究。检索的数据库包括CINAHL、PubMed、PsycINFO、Lilacs、Scielo、BVS、BVS-Psi、Scopus、Embase、社会学摘要、国际学位论文摘要以及圣保罗大学学位论文库和灰色文献。
每项原始研究由两名独立评审员评估方法学质量。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所定性评估与综述工具（JBI-QARI）的解释性和批判性研究数据提取表来评估所有论文的方法学质量。
使用JBI-QARI提取定性数据。
使用JBI-QARI综合定性研究结果。
在纳入的28项研究中，提取了189项结果，并将其分为25个类别和8项综合结果：（i）文化和宗教背景以及个人顾虑导致寻求尿失禁治疗的延迟；（ii）默默独自忍受尿失禁这一不可避免且令人遗憾的问题影响了女性的日常活动及其社会角色；（iii）知识匮乏以及症状的模糊性掩盖了尿失禁是一种疾病的事实；（iv）尿失禁引发的经历以及对该病的羞耻感损害了女性的生活；（v）尿失禁对女性的亲密关系和性满意度产生了负面影响，并引发了她们体验性行为和性功能方式的变化；（vi）尿失禁被认为是怀孕和分娩的后果、衰老所固有或宗教惩罚；（vii）受尿失禁影响的女性采取多种策略来改善自身健康状况；（viii）女性对护理提供者和治疗有个人偏好；她们在尿失禁治疗中面临困难，一些护理需求未得到满足。
应提供个性化和量身定制的医疗保健，并在为受尿失禁影响的人群提供医疗保健时考虑其偏好和期望。
