Sadler Brooke E, Grant Julia D, Duncan Alexis E, Sartor Carolyn E, Waldron Mary, Heath Andrew C, Bucholz Kathleen K
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2017 May;78(3):426-434. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.426.
This study aimed to determine the associations among paternal alcohol problems, separation, and educational attainment in European American and African American offspring and whether offspring early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use influenced these associations.
Families with offspring ages 13-19 years at intake were selected from state birth records and screened by telephone to determine high-risk or low-risk status (with/without paternal heavy drinking). Families of men with two or more driving-under-the-influence offenses were added as a very-high-risk group. Data from 340 African American and 288 European American offspring who were not enrolled in school at their last interview were analyzed. Educational attainment was modeled as less than high school, high school only (reference category), and some college or higher. Separation was defined as offspring report of not having lived continuously in the same household with their biological father from birth to age 14. Analyses were stratified by race.
In European Americans, neither family risk status nor early alcohol/tobacco/marijuana use was associated with educational outcomes. However, paternal separation significantly elevated the likelihood of not completing high school in all models (relative risk ratios [RRRs] = 6.0-8.1, p <.001). For African American offspring, likelihoods of high school noncompletion were elevated marginally for paternal separation in only one model, but significantly for early marijuana use (RRRs = 2.8-3.2, p < .05). Very-high-risk status significantly reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in an adjusted model (RRR = 0.4, p < .05).
High school noncompletion was significantly associated with paternal separation in European Americans and with early marijuana use in African American offspring. In addition, very-high-risk status reduced the likelihood of post-high school education in African American offspring only, suggesting that research with ethnically diverse samples yields important differences when examining outcomes of both separation and substance use on offspring education.
本研究旨在确定欧美裔和非裔美国后代中父亲的酒精问题、分居情况和教育程度之间的关联，以及后代早期饮酒/吸烟/吸食大麻是否会影响这些关联。
从州出生记录中选取入组时后代年龄在13至19岁之间的家庭，并通过电话进行筛查，以确定高风险或低风险状态（父亲酗酒与否）。有两次或更多次酒后驾车犯罪记录的男性家庭被列为极高风险组。对在最后一次访谈时未入学的340名非裔美国后代和288名欧美裔美国后代的数据进行了分析。教育程度被建模为低于高中、仅高中（参考类别）以及大专或更高学历。分居被定义为后代报告从出生到14岁未与亲生父亲持续生活在同一家庭。分析按种族分层。
在欧美裔中，家庭风险状态和早期饮酒/吸烟/吸食大麻均与教育结果无关。然而，在所有模型中，父亲分居显著增加了未完成高中学业的可能性（相对风险比[RRR]=6.0 - 8.1，p<.001）。对于非裔美国后代，只有在一个模型中，父亲分居使未完成高中学业的可能性略有增加，但早期吸食大麻则显著增加了这种可能性（RRR = 2.8 - 3.2，p<.05）。在一个调整模型中，极高风险状态显著降低了高中后教育的可能性（RRR = 0.4，p<.05）。
在欧美裔中，未完成高中学业与父亲分居显著相关，在非裔美国后代中则与早期吸食大麻显著相关。此外，极高风险状态仅降低了非裔美国后代高中后教育的可能性，这表明在研究分居和物质使用对后代教育的影响时，对不同种族样本的研究结果存在重要差异。
