David L MacIntosh Sports Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
Public Health. 2017 Jul;148:149-158. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 May 10.
To document the distribution of sociodemographic markers (race and relative access to wealth) in athletes participating at the summer and Winter Olympic Games (OGs).
Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study.
Sociodemographic data were collected from publically available resources for all athletes representing four countries (Canada, United States of America, Great Britain and Australia) at the 2014 Sochi Winter OGs and 2016 Rio Summer OGs. The prevalence of white and privately educated athletes were identified for each sport, country, and team with consideration and comparison to the general population. Access indices (i.e. the combined race socio-economic access index [CAI]) were developed to describe the relative distribution of white and privately educated athletes representing each sport, country and team compared to the respective general population.
A total of 568 winter and 1643 summer athletes were included in this study. Privately educated athletes constituted 30.3% and 32.7% of winter and summer athletes, respectively; while 94.9% of winter and 81.7% of summer athletes were white. The CAIs of the Canadian, American, British and Australian winter Olympic teams were 0.52, 0.42, 0.61 and 0.45, respectively. The CAIs, for the Canadian, American, British and Australian summer Olympic teams were 0.89, 1.13, 0.82 and 0.83, respectively. Summer and winter sports with the greatest and least racial and socio-economic biases were identified.
Racial and socio-economic biases were identified in both summer and winter Olympic sports; predominantly favouring white and privately educated Olympic athletes. These findings prompt further inquiry into barriers for sport-specific participation and advancement, in addition to the practice of providing substantial public resources in support for Olympic sports and athletes.
记录参加夏季和冬季奥运会（OGs）的运动员的社会人口统计学标志物（种族和相对财富获取）分布情况。
横断面描述性流行病学研究。
从公共资源中收集了代表四个国家（加拿大、美利坚合众国、英国和澳大利亚）参加 2014 年索契冬季 OGs 和 2016 年里约夏季 OGs 的所有运动员的社会人口统计学数据。为每个运动项目、国家和团队确定了白人和私立教育运动员的患病率，并考虑到与总人口的比较。为了描述代表每个运动项目、国家和团队的白人运动员和私立教育运动员的相对分布情况，开发了访问指数（即种族社会经济访问指数 [CAI] 的总和）。
本研究共纳入 568 名冬季运动员和 1643 名夏季运动员。私立教育运动员分别占冬季和夏季运动员的 30.3%和 32.7%；而 94.9%的冬季运动员和 81.7%的夏季运动员是白人。加拿大、美国、英国和澳大利亚冬季奥运队的 CAI 分别为 0.52、0.42、0.61 和 0.45。加拿大、美国、英国和澳大利亚夏季奥运队的 CAI 分别为 0.89、1.13、0.82 和 0.83。确定了夏季和冬季运动中种族和社会经济偏见最大和最小的项目。
在夏季和冬季奥运会中都存在种族和社会经济偏见；主要有利于白人运动员和私立教育运动员。这些发现促使人们进一步探讨参与和发展特定运动项目的障碍，以及为支持奥运运动和运动员提供大量公共资源的做法。
