Valiakos E, Marselos M, Sakellaridis N, Constantinidis Th, Skaltsa H
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Panipistimiopolis, Ioannina, Greece.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Jun 9;205:246-260. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.021. Epub 2017 May 10.
Dynameron is a Byzantine medical compendium, divided into 24 sections, the "Elements", containing 2667 recipes, most of which inherited by previous physicians of the classic ancient Greek and Hellenistic, and imperial Roman periods.
In continuation to our previous study concerning the first and largest chapter of the "Element Alpha" of Nikolaos Myrepsos׳ Dynameron (Valiakos et al., 2015), this paper focuses on the plants quoted in the recipes of the eight following chapters entitled "About Salts", "About Honeypacks" and "About Spreads", all belonging to the same "Element Alpha"; "About Antitussives" and "About Suppositories" belonging to the "Element Beta"; "About women's Cathartics" belonging to the "Element Gamma"; "About Drossaton" and "About Diachrisma", both belonging to the "Element Delta".
Our main primary source material was the codex kept in the National Library of France (in Paris) under the number grec. 2243, which is the older and larger codex of Dynameron (Valiakos et al., 2015).
The present study led us to the interpretation of 277 plants under different names, among which we recognized 57 medicinal plants listed by the European Medicines Agency, one of them with negative monograph (i.e. Chelidonium majus). In addition, there are identified taxa related to those quoted by EMA as herbal medicines. The plants appearing in the examined Elements belong to various families of which the most frequent are: Apiaceae 10.11%; Lamiaceae 7.22%; Asteraceae 6.86%; Rosaceae 6.5% and Fabaceae 6.14%.
A total of 277 species have been catalogued, most of which are referred in our previous publication (Valiakos et al., 2015). Among them, 56 plants still play a very important role in medical practice, as they are used as traditional herbal medicines (www.ema.eu). This evidence is a proof that the use of medicinal plants remains valuable from the ancient times until today. The recipes, in contrast to older medical compendia, contain precise measurements of ingredients and dosages for every drug, which seem to reflect empirical logic.
《药力汇编》是一部拜占庭医学纲要，分为24个部分，即“要素”，包含2667个药方，其中大部分由古希腊、希腊化时期以及罗马帝国时期的前代医师传承而来。
继我们之前关于尼科劳斯·米雷普索斯的《药力汇编》之“要素阿尔法”第一章也是最大一章的研究（瓦利亚科斯等人，2015年）之后，本文聚焦于以下八章药方中引用的植物，这八章分别题为“关于盐类”“关于蜜剂”和“关于涂抹剂”，均属于同一“要素阿尔法”；“关于止咳药”和“关于栓剂”属于“要素贝塔”；“关于女性泻药”属于“要素伽马”；“关于德罗斯塔顿”和“关于迪亚克里斯马”，均属于“要素德尔塔”。
我们的主要原始资料是保存在法国国家图书馆（巴黎）、编号为grec. 2243 的抄本，它是《药力汇编》中更古老且篇幅更大的抄本（瓦利亚科斯等人，2015年）。
本研究使我们解读了277种不同名称的植物，其中我们识别出欧洲药品管理局列出的57种药用植物，其中一种有负面专论（即白屈菜）。此外，还识别出与欧洲药品管理局列为草药的植物相关的分类群。出现在所研究要素中的植物属于多个科，其中最常见的科有：伞形科10.11%；唇形科7. %；菊科6.86%；蔷薇科6.5%；豆科6.14%。
总共编录了277个物种，其中大部分在我们之前的出版物（瓦利亚科斯等人，2015年）中有提及。其中，56种植物在医疗实践中仍然发挥着非常重要的作用，因为它们被用作传统草药（www.ema.eu）。这一证据证明了药用植物的使用从古代至今仍然很有价值。与早期医学纲要不同，这些药方包含了每种药物成分和剂量的精确测量，这似乎反映了经验逻辑。
