Negative control of Candida albicans filamentation-associated gene expression by essential protein kinase gene KIN28.

The fungus Candida albicans can grow as either yeast or filaments, which include hyphae and pseudohyphae, depending on environmental conditions. Filamentous growth is of particular interest because it is required for biofilm formation and for pathogenesis. Environmentally induced filamentous growth is associated with expression of filamentation-associated genes, and both filamentous growth and associated gene expression depend upon several well-characterized transcription factors. Surprisingly, strains with reduced expression of many essential genes display filamentous growth under non-inducing conditions-those in which the wild type grows as yeast. We found recently that diminished expression of several essential protein kinase genes leads to both filamentous cell morphology and filamentation-associated gene expression under non-inducing conditions. Reduced expression of the essential protein kinase gene CAK1 promoted filamentation-associated gene expression and biofilm formation in strains that lacked key transcriptional activators of these processes, thus indicating that CAK1 expression is critical for both environmental and genetic control of filamentation. In this study, we extend our genetic interaction analysis to a second essential protein kinase gene, KIN28. Reduced expression of KIN28 also permits filamentation-associated gene expression, though not biofilm formation, in the absence of several key transcriptional activators. Our results argue that impairment of several essential cellular processes can alter the regulatory requirements for filamentation-associated gene expression. Our results also indicate that levels of filamentation-associated gene expression are not fully predictive of biofilm formation ability.