Nosratababadi Reza, Bagheri Vahid, Zare-Bidaki Mohammad, Hakimi Hamid, Zainodini Nahid, Kazemi Arababadi Mohammad
Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Apr;51:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
Chlamydia species are obligate intracellular pathogens causing different infectious diseases particularly asymptomatic genital infections and are also responsible for a wide range of complications. Previous studies showed that there are different immune responses to Chlamydia species and their infections are limited to some cases. Moreover, Chlamydia species are able to alter immune responses through modulating the expression of some immune system related molecules including cytokines. Toll like receptors (TLRs) belonge to pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and play vital roles in recognition of microbes and stimulation of appropriate immune responses. Therefore, it appears that TLRs may be considered as important sensors for recognition of Chlamydia and promotion of immune responses against these bacterial infections. Accordingly, TLR4 detects several microbial PAMPs such as bacterial lipopolysacharide (LPS) and subsequently activates transcription from pro-inflammatory cytokines in both MYD88 and TRIF pathways dependent manner. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent data about the status and major roles played by TLR4 in Chlamydia species recognition and promotion of immune responses against these infections and also the relationship between TLR4 activities and pathogenesis of Chlamydia infections.
衣原体属是专性细胞内病原体，可引发不同的传染病，尤其是无症状生殖器感染，还会导致多种并发症。先前的研究表明，针对衣原体属存在不同的免疫反应，且其感染仅限于某些情况。此外，衣原体属能够通过调节包括细胞因子在内的一些免疫系统相关分子的表达来改变免疫反应。Toll样受体（TLRs）属于病原体识别受体（PRRs），在识别微生物和刺激适当的免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。因此，TLRs似乎可被视为识别衣原体以及促进针对这些细菌感染的免疫反应的重要传感器。相应地，TLR4可检测多种微生物病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs），如细菌脂多糖（LPS），随后以依赖MYD88和TRIF途径的方式激活促炎细胞因子的转录。本综述的目的是提供有关TLR4在衣原体属识别以及促进针对这些感染的免疫反应中的地位和主要作用的最新数据，以及TLR4活性与衣原体感染发病机制之间的关系。
