Unsworth Nash, Robison Matthew K
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Dec;43(12):1962-1987. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000421. Epub 2017 May 15.
A great deal of prior research has examined the relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and attention control. The current study explored the role of arousal in individual differences in WMC and attention control. Participants performed multiple WMC and attention control tasks. During the attention control tasks participants were periodically probed regarding their current attentional state and both baseline and task-evoked pupillary responses were recorded as indicators of tonic arousal and phasic arousal because of attentional effort, respectively. Latent variable analyses demonstrated that variability in both baseline pupil diameter and task-evoked responses was related to WMC, attention control, and off-task thinking. Furthermore, structural equation models suggested that variability in both baseline pupil diameter and task-evoked pupillary responses predicted off-task thinking, which in turn predicted variation in WMC and attention control. These results provide important evidence linking moment-to-moment fluctuations in arousal to individual differences in WMC and attention control. (PsycINFO Database Record
大量先前的研究探讨了工作记忆容量（WMC）与注意力控制之间的关系。当前的研究探索了唤醒在WMC和注意力控制个体差异中的作用。参与者执行了多项WMC和注意力控制任务。在注意力控制任务期间，会定期询问参与者他们当前的注意力状态，并且记录基线瞳孔反应和任务诱发的瞳孔反应，分别作为因注意力努力而产生的持续性唤醒和阶段性唤醒的指标。潜在变量分析表明，基线瞳孔直径和任务诱发反应的变异性均与WMC、注意力控制和任务无关思维有关。此外，结构方程模型表明，基线瞳孔直径和任务诱发的瞳孔反应的变异性均预测了任务无关思维，而任务无关思维反过来又预测了WMC和注意力控制的变化。这些结果提供了重要证据，将唤醒的瞬间波动与WMC和注意力控制的个体差异联系起来。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
