Oliva Ricardo, Quibod Ian Lorenzo
Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Aug;38:84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.020. Epub 2017 May 12.
Plants use multiple mechanisms to defend themselves against invading microbes. Besides using their immune system to surveil and eliminate pathogens, plants actively block the pathogens' access to nutrients as an alternative way to prevent colonization. In this review, we focus on immunity and starvation as major obstacles for pathogens' adaptation. We summarize the key mechanisms employed by pathogens to modulate host immunity and to guarantee sugar uptake. In contrast to genes that deal with the immune system and show high levels of plasticity, pathogen genes involved in sugar acquisition are highly conserved, and may not have adapted to co-evolving interactions with the host. We propose a model to assess the durability of different control strategies based on the ability of pathogens to deal with host immunity or starvation. This analysis opens new opportunities to elevate disease resistance in crops by reducing the likelihood of pathogen adaptation.
植物利用多种机制抵御入侵的微生物。除了利用其免疫系统监测和消除病原体外，植物还会主动阻止病原体获取营养，以此作为防止病原体定植的另一种方式。在本综述中，我们将免疫和营养匮乏视为病原体适应过程中的主要障碍。我们总结了病原体用于调节宿主免疫和确保糖分摄取的关键机制。与处理免疫系统且具有高度可塑性的基因不同，参与糖分获取的病原体基因高度保守，可能尚未适应与宿主共同进化的相互作用。我们提出了一个模型，基于病原体应对宿主免疫或营养匮乏的能力来评估不同控制策略的持久性。该分析为通过降低病原体适应的可能性来提高作物抗病性开辟了新机遇。
