Rao Balkrishna C
Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
Heliyon. 2017 May 4;3(5):e00299. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00299. eCollection 2017 May.
The conservative nature of design in engineering has typically unleashed products fabricated with generous amounts of raw materials. This is epitomized by the whose values higher than unity suggests various uncertainties of design that are tackled through material padding. This effort proposes a new called the that could be used in ecodesign and which addresses both rigors of the design process and quantification of savings in materials going into a product. An example of frugal shaft design together with some other cases has been presented to explain the working of the . Adoption of the would entail a change in design philosophy whereby designers would constantly make avail of a rigorous design process coupled with material-saving schemes for realizing products that are benign to the environment. Such a change in the foundations of design would abet the stewardship of earth in avoiding planetary boundaries since engineering influences a significant proportion of human endeavors.
工程设计的保守特性通常会催生使用大量原材料制造的产品。这一点在[具体名称未给出]中得到了体现，其值高于1表明了设计中存在的各种不确定性，这些不确定性通过材料填充来解决。本研究提出了一种新的[具体名称未给出]，称为[具体名称未给出]，可用于生态设计，它既解决了[具体名称未给出]设计过程的严格要求，又能对产品所使用材料的节省量进行量化。文中给出了一个节俭轴设计的例子以及其他一些案例，以解释[具体名称未给出]的工作原理。采用[具体名称未给出]将需要改变设计理念，即设计师将不断利用严格的设计过程以及材料节约方案，来实现对环境无害的产品。设计基础的这种变化将有助于地球的管理，避免跨越行星边界，因为工程影响着很大一部分人类活动。
