Zhu Qin, Mirich Todd, Huang Shaochen, Snapp-Childs Winona, Bingham Geoffrey P
Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Dept. 3196, 1000 East University Ave., Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Aug;79(6):1830-1840. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1336-3.
Many studies have shown that rhythmic interlimb coordination involves perception of the coupled limb movements, and different sensory modalities can be used. Using visual displays to inform the coupled bimanual movement, novel bimanual coordination patterns can be learned with practice. A recent study showed that similar learning occurred without vision when a coach provided manual guidance during practice. The information provided via the two different modalities may be same (amodal) or different (modality specific). If it is different, then learning with both is a dual task, and one source of information might be used in preference to the other in performing the task when both are available. In the current study, participants learned a novel 90° bimanual coordination pattern without or with visual information in addition to kinesthesis. In posttest, all participants were tested without and with visual information in addition to kinesthesis. When tested with visual information, all participants exhibited performance that was significantly improved by practice. When tested without visual information, participants who practiced using only kinesthetic information showed improvement, but those who practiced with visual information in addition showed remarkably less improvement. The results indicate that (1) the information is not amodal, (2) use of a single type of information was preferred, and (3) the preferred information was visual. We also hypothesized that older participants might be more likely to acquire dual task performance given their greater experience of the two sensory modes in combination, but results were replicated with both 20- and 50-year-olds.
许多研究表明，有节奏的肢体间协调涉及对耦合肢体运动的感知，并且可以使用不同的感觉模态。利用视觉显示来告知双手耦合运动，通过练习可以学习到新颖的双手协调模式。最近一项研究表明，在练习过程中当教练提供手动引导时，即使没有视觉也会发生类似的学习。通过这两种不同模态提供的信息可能是相同的（无模态的）或不同的（特定模态的）。如果是不同的，那么同时利用两者进行学习就是一项双重任务，并且当两者都可用时，在执行任务过程中可能会优先使用一种信息源而非另一种。在当前研究中，参与者在没有视觉信息或除本体感觉外还有视觉信息的情况下学习一种新颖的90°双手协调模式。在测试后，所有参与者在除本体感觉外没有视觉信息以及有视觉信息的情况下接受测试。当有视觉信息进行测试时，所有参与者通过练习表现出显著改善。当没有视觉信息进行测试时，仅使用本体感觉信息进行练习的参与者有进步，但那些还结合视觉信息进行练习的参与者进步明显较小。结果表明：（1）信息不是无模态的；（2）更倾向于使用单一类型的信息；（3）更倾向的信息是视觉信息。我们还假设，鉴于年长参与者在两种感觉模式结合方面有更丰富的经验，他们可能更有可能获得双重任务表现，但20岁和50岁的参与者都得到了相同的结果。
