Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Brain Tissues.

Protein phosphorylation regulates brain development and neuronal activities; and dysregulation of phosphorylation contributes to neurobiological disorders. Phosphoproteomic analysis provides comprehensive modification maps for measuring protein activities in cellular pathways and biological processes. Here, we introduce a mass spectrometry (MS)-based protocol to quantitatively analyze the phosphoproteome of human postmortem brains of Alzheimer's disease. In this isobaric labeling protocol, up to ten brain samples are selected from control and diseased cases for comparison. Approximately 1 mg proteins per sample are extracted, digested, labeled, and then mixed at an equal ratio. To improve the coverage of phosphoproteome, the peptide mix is further fractionated by offline basic pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with high-resolution power. Phosphopeptides in each fraction are then enriched by the titanium dioxide method and analyzed by online acidic pH reverse phase LC-MS/MS, leading to the analysis of tens of thousands of phosphorylation events. This protocol can also be adapted to profile phosphoproteome in other biological samples.