Root J Jeffrey, Shriner Susan A, Ellis Jeremy W, VanDalen Kaci K, Franklin Alan B
United States Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
Arch Virol. 2017 Sep;162(9):2617-2624. doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3397-y. Epub 2017 May 16.
Live bird markets are common in certain regions of the U.S. and in other regions of the world. We experimentally tested the ability of a wild bird influenza A virus to transmit from index animals to naïve animals at varying animal densities in stacked cages in a simulated live bird market. Two and six mallards, five and twelve quail, and six and nine pheasants were used in the low-density and high-density stacks of cages, respectively. Transmission did not occur in the high-density stack of cages likely due to the short duration and relatively low levels of shedding, a dominance of oral shedding, and the lack of transmission to other mallards in the index cage. In the low-density stack of cages, transmission occurred among all species tested, but not among all birds present. Oral and cloacal shedding was detected in waterfowl but only oral shedding was identified in the gallinaceous birds tested. Overall, transmission was patchy among the stacked cages, thereby suggesting that chance was involved in the deposition of shed virus in key locations (e.g., food or water bowls), which facilitated transmission to some birds.
活禽市场在美国的某些地区以及世界其他地区很常见。我们在模拟活禽市场的堆叠笼子中，以不同的动物密度，对一种野生甲型禽流感病毒从指示动物传播到未接触过该病毒的动物的能力进行了实验测试。在低密度和高密度笼子堆叠中，分别使用了2只和6只野鸭、5只和12只鹌鹑以及6只和9只野鸡。在高密度笼子堆叠中未发生传播，这可能是由于 shedding 的持续时间短且水平相对较低、口腔 shedding 占主导以及指示笼子中的病毒未传播到其他野鸭。在低密度笼子堆叠中，在所测试的所有物种中都发生了传播，但并非在所有在场鸟类中都发生。在水禽中检测到口腔和泄殖腔 shedding，但在所测试的鸡形目鸟类中仅鉴定出口腔 shedding。总体而言，在堆叠笼子之间传播是不连续的，从而表明 shed 病毒在关键位置（如食碗或水碗）的沉积存在偶然性，这促进了病毒向一些鸟类的传播。 （注：原文中“shedding”未明确准确中文释义，暂保留英文）
