Mananggit Milagros R, Ongtangco Joely T, Baccay Xandre D, Domingo Ronnie, Miranda Mary Elizabeth, Gundran Romeo, Dela Cruz Dan Drexel, Wong Frank Yk, Cody S Gabrielle, Pulscher Laura A, Robie Emily R, Bailey Emily S, Gray Gregory C
Department of Agriculture, Regional Field Office III, Pampanga, Philippines.
Bureau of Animal Industry, Quezon City, Philippines.
Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2025 Apr 7;16(2):1-6. doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2025.16.2.1124. eCollection 2025 Apr-Jun.
This cross-sectional, prospective surveillance study sought to determine the prevalence of novel respiratory viruses among domestic ducks in Central Luzon that are known to have frequent contact with wild avian species. Such contact may lead to novel virus spillover events that may harm domestic poultry as well as humans.
From March 2019 to January 2020, cross-sectional and prospective surveillance for viruses among domestic ducks () was conducted by periodically collecting oropharyngeal swabs from ducks on 54 farms across three municipalities within Central Luzon (Region III). A flock of 30 sentinel domestic ducks was also sampled four times after being confined in the Candaba swamp. The resultant 1740 swab samples were pooled (5 samples/pool, 348 pools) by site and screened with molecular assays for respiratory viruses from multiple viral families.
Two farms yielded samples positive for avian influenza virus in Candaba, where adolescent ducks are known to freely mix with wild birds as they graze in rice fields. Overall, the prevalence of avian influenza virus was 2.3% (8/348 pools). Sequencing revealed three pools with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6, one with low pathogenicity H5N8, and one with H5 with an unspecified neuraminidase. All the pooled specimens tested were negative for influenza C, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and enteroviruses.
Although this study had several limitations, it found supportive evidence that domestic ducks are acquiring avian influenza viruses from wild bird species. These findings underscore recommendations that duck farmers should seek to prevent domestic ducks from mixing with wild avian species.
这项横断面前瞻性监测研究旨在确定吕宋岛中部家鸭中新型呼吸道病毒的流行情况，这些家鸭已知经常与野生鸟类接触。这种接触可能导致新型病毒溢出事件，可能会危害家禽以及人类。
2019年3月至2020年1月，通过定期从吕宋岛中部（第三地区）三个直辖市的54个农场的鸭子中采集口咽拭子，对家鸭中的病毒进行横断面和前瞻性监测。一群30只哨兵家鸭被关在坎达巴沼泽地后也被采样了四次。将所得的1740个拭子样本按地点合并（每个样本池5个样本，共348个样本池），并用分子检测方法筛查多个病毒家族的呼吸道病毒。
在坎达巴的两个农场采集的样本检测出禽流感病毒呈阳性，在那里，已知青春期鸭子在稻田觅食时会与野生鸟类自由混在一起。总体而言，禽流感病毒的流行率为2.3%（8/348个样本池）。测序显示，三个样本池含有高致病性禽流感H5N6，一个含有低致病性H5N8，一个含有未指定神经氨酸酶的H5。所有检测的合并样本对C型流感病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒和肠道病毒均呈阴性。
尽管这项研究有几个局限性，但它找到了支持性证据，表明家鸭正在从野生鸟类物种中感染禽流感病毒。这些发现强调了建议，即鸭农应设法防止家鸭与野生鸟类混在一起。
